Abstract
A new spectrofluorimetric method has been developed and validated for the quantification of ceftriaxone in bulk powder, pharmaceutical formulations and spiked human plasma. The developed method is reproducible, accurate, sensitive and cost effective. In this method, ceftriaxone was converted into a fluorescent compound by reacting with 0.8 M ethyl acetoacetate and 25% formaldehyde in a buffered medium (pH = 4.2) at 90 °C. The excitation and emission wavelengths of the fluorescent reaction product are 316 nm and 388 nm respectively. Optimization of the experimental conditions affecting the condensation reaction were carefully carried out and the optimum experimental conditions were incorporated in the procedure. The developed method has a broad linear range (0.2–20 μg mL−1) with a correlation coefficient of 0.9992. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) was found to be 1.94 × 10−2 μg mL−1 and 6.47 × 10−2 μg mL−1 respectively. The common excipients and co-administered drugs were investigated for their interferences effect in the assay. The developed method was validated statistically through recovery studies and successfully applied to ceftriaxone determination in bulk powder, pharmaceutical formulations and spiked human plasma samples. The percent recoveries were found to be in the range of 99.04–100.26% for bulk powder, 98.88–99.92% for pharmaceutical formulations and 94.22–98.48% for spiked human plasma. The results were verified by comparing with reference literature HPLC method and were found in good agreement.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Amin AS, Ragab GH (2004) Spectrophotometric determination of certain cephalosporins in pure form and in pharmaceutical formulations. Spectrochimica Acta Part A 60:2831–2835
Angehrn P, Probst PJ, Reiner R, Then RL (1980) Ro 13–9904, A long-acting broad-spectrum cephalosporin: in vitro and in vivo studies. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 18:913–921
Beam TR Jr (1985) Ceftriaxone: a beta-lactamase-stable, broad-spectrum cephalosporin with an extended half-life. Pharmacotherapy 5:237–253
Neu HC (1987) Cephalosporins in the treatment of meningitis. Drugs 34:135–153
Owens HM, Destache CJ, Dash AK (1999) Simple liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of the blood brain barrier permeability characteristics of ceftriaxone in an experimental rabbit meningitis model. J Chromatogr B 728:97–105
Balant L, Dayer P, Auckenthaler R (1985) Clinical pharmacokinetics of the third generation cephalosporins. Clin Pharmacokinet 10:101–143
Kovar A, Dalla Costa T, Derendorf H (1997) Comparison of plasma and free tissue levels of ceftriaxone in rats by microdialysis. J Pharm Sci 86:52–56
Soback S, Ziv G (1988) Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of ceftriaxone administered intravenously and intramuscularly in calves. Am J Vet Res 49:535–538
Bergan T (1987) Pharmacokinetic properties of the cephalosporins. Drugs 34:89–104
Meyers BR, Srulevitch ES, Jacobson J, Hirschman SZ (1983) Crossover study of the pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone administered intravenously or intramuscularly to healthy volunteers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 24:812–814
Ismail MM (2005) Pharmacokinetics, urinary and mammary excretion of ceftriaxone in lactating goats. J Vet Med Series A 52:354–358
Zhou HH, Chan YPM, Arnold K, Sun M (1985) Single-dose pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone in healthy Chinese adults. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 27:192–196
Bourget P, Fernandez H, Quinquis V, Delouis C (1993) Pharmacokinetics and protein binding of ceftriaxone during pregnancy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 37(1):54–59
Trautmann KH, Haefelfinger P (1981) Determination of the cephalosporin Ro 13-99041 in plasma, urine, and bile by means of ion-pair reversed phase chromatography. J High Resolut Chromatogr 4(2):54–59
Abdel-Hamid ME (1998) FSQ spectrophotometric and HPLC analysis of some cephalosporins in the presence of their alkali-induced degradation products. IL Farmaco 53:132–138
Hakim L, Bourne DW, Triggs EJ (1988) High-performance liquid chromatographic assay of cefotaxime, desacetylcefotaxime and ceftriaxone in rat plasma. J Chromatogr 424(1):111–117
Jungbluth GL, Jusko WJ (1989) Ion-paired reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography assay for determination of ceftriaxone in human plasma and urine. J Pharm Sci 78(11):968–970
Hiremath B, Mruthyunjayaswamy BHM (2009) Development and validation of a high performance liquid chromatographic determination of ceftriaxone sodium and its application to drug quality control. Anal Lett 42:2180–2191
Shrivastava SM, Singh R, Tariq A, Siddiqui MR, Yadav J, Negi PS, Chaudhary M (2009) A novel high performance liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous determination of ceftriaxone and sulbactam in sulbactomax. Int J Biomed Sci 5:37–43
Nemutlua E, Kır S, Katlan D, Beksac MS (2009) Simultaneous multiresponse optimization of an HPLC method to separate seven cephalosporins in plasma and amniotic fluid: application to validation and quantification of cefepime, cefixime and cefoperazone. Talanta 80:117–126
Granich GG, Krogstad DJ (1987) Ion pair high performance liquid chromatographic assay for ceftriaxone. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 31(3):385–388
Khasanov VV, Sokolovich EG, Dychko KA (2006) Determination of ceftriaxone in blood and tissues using ion-exchange chromatography. Pharmaceut Chem J 40(2):47–49
Pajchel G, Tyski S (2000) Adaptation of capillary electrophoresis to the determination of selected cephalosporins for injection. J Chromatogr A 895:27–31
Reddy GVS, Reddy SJ (1997) Estimation of cephalosporin antibiotics by differential pulse polarography. Talanta 44:627–631
Zhang D, Ma Y, Zhou M, Li L, Chen H (2006) Determination of ceftriaxone sodium in pharmaceutical formulation by flow injection analysis with Acid potassium permanganate chemiluminescence detection. Anal Sci 22:183–186
Al-Momani IF (2001) Spectrophotometric determination of selected cephalosporins in drug formulation using flow injection analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 25:751–757
El-Walily AFM, Gazy AA, Belal SF, Khamis EF (2000) Quantitative determination of some thiazole cephalosporins through complexation with palladium (II) chloride. J Pharm Biomed Anal 22:385–392
El Walily AFM, Gazy AAK, Belal SF, Khamis EF (2000) Use of cerium (IV) in the spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric determinations of penicillins and cephalosporins in their pharmaceutical preparations. Spectrosc Lett 33(6):931–948
Saleh GA, El-Shaboury SR, Mohamed FA, Rageh AH (2009) Kinetic spectrophotometric determination of certain cephalosporins using oxidized quercetin reagent. Spectrochimica Acta Part A 73:946–954
Nakanomyo H, Hiraoka M, Kidono M (1990) Microbiological assay method of BMY-28100 and some other cephem antibiotic in serum and tissues, development of new sample preparation with Evan’s blue. Jpn J Antibiot 43(9):1538–1544
Bebawy LI, Kelani KE, Fattah L (2003) Fluorimetric determination of some antibiotics in raw material and dosage forms through ternary complex formation with terbium (Tb3+). J Pharm Biomed Anal 32:1219–1225
Omar MA, Abdelmageed OH, Attia TZ (2009) Kinetic Spectrofluorimetric determination of certain cephalosporins in human plasma. Talanta 77:1394–1404
Belliveau PP, Freeman CD, Nicolau DP, Nightingale CH, Tessier PR, Quintiliani R (1996) Serum bactericidal activity of ceftizoxime and ceftriaxone against pathogens associated with community-acquired and nosocomial pneumonias. Am J Health-Syst Pharm 53(9):1024–1027
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shah, J., Jan, M.R., Shah, S. et al. Spectrofluorimetric Protocol for Ceftriaxone in Commercial Formulation and Human Plasma After Condensation with Formaldehyde and Ethyl Acetoacetate. J Fluoresc 21, 2155–2163 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-011-0917-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-011-0917-0