Skip to main content
Log in

Psychometric Properties of the STAT for Early Autism Screening

  • Published:
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The STAT is an interactive screening measure for autism that assesses behaviors in the areas of play, communication, and imitation skills. In Study 1, signal detection procedures were employed to identify a cutoff score for the STAT using developmentally matched groups of 2-year-old children with autism and with nonspectrum disorders. The resulting cutoff yielded high sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values for the development sample as well as for an independent validation sample. Study 2 examined psychometric properties of the STAT and revealed acceptable levels of interrater agreement, test-retest reliability, and agreement between STAT risk category and ADOS-G classification. The STAT demonstrates strong psychometric properties and shows promising utility as a Level 2 screening measure for autism.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • InstitutionalAuthorName American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Children with Disabilities (2001) ArticleTitleThe pediatrician’s role in the diagnosis and management of autistic spectrum disorder in children Pediatrics 107 1221–1226

    Google Scholar 

  • American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, D. C.: Author.

  • American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., rev.) Washington, D. C.: Author.

  • G. Baird T. Charman S. Baron-Cohen A. Cox J. Swettenham S. Wheelwright A. Drew (2000) ArticleTitleA screening instrument for autism at 18 months of age: A 6-year follow-up study Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 39 694–702

    Google Scholar 

  • G. Baird T. Charman A. Cox S. Baron-Cohen J. Swettenham S. Wheelwright A. Drew (2001) ArticleTitleScreening and surveillance for autism and pervasive developmental disorders Archives of Disease in Childhood 84 468–475

    Google Scholar 

  • S. Baron-Cohen J. Allen C. Gillberg (1992) ArticleTitleCan autism be detected at 18 months? The needle the haystack, and the CHAT. British Journal of Psychiatry 161 839–843

    Google Scholar 

  • S. Baron-Cohen A. Cox G. Baird J. Swettenham N. Nightingale K. Morgan A. Drew T. Charman (1996) ArticleTitlePsychological markers in the detection of autism in a large population British Journal of Psychiatry 168 158–163

    Google Scholar 

  • N. Bayley (1993) The Bayley Scales of Infant Development EditionNumber2 Harcourt Brace San Antonio, TX

    Google Scholar 

  • InstitutionalAuthorName Committee on Educational Interventions for Children with Autism (2001) Educating Children with Autism. National Academy Press Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • A. Cox K. Klein T. Charman G. Baird S. Baron-Cohen J. Swettenham A. Drew S. Wheelwright (1999) ArticleTitleAutism spectrum disorders at 20 and 42 months of age: Stability of clinical and ADI-R diagnosis Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 40 719–732

    Google Scholar 

  • Fewell, R. R. (1991). Play Assessment Scale (5th revision). Unpublished manuscript, University of Miami School of Medicine.

  • P. A. Filipek P. J. Accardo S. Ashwal G. T. Baranek E. H. Cook SuffixJr. G. Dawson B. Gordon J. S. Gravel C. P. Johnson R. J. Kallen S. E. Levy N. J. Minshew S. Ozonoff B. M. Prizant I. Rapin S. J. Rogers W. L. Stone S. W. Teplin R. F. Tuchman F. R. Volkmar (2000) ArticleTitlePractice parameter: Screening and diagnosis of autism: Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the Child Neurology Society Neurology 55 468–479

    Google Scholar 

  • P. A. Filipek P. J. Accardo G. T. Baranek E. H. Cook G. Dawson B. Gordon J. S. Gravel C. P. Johnson R. J. Kallen S. E. Levy N. J. Minshew S. Ozonoff B. M. Prizant I. Rapin S. J. Rogers W. L. Stone S. Teplin R. F. Tuchman F. R. Volkmar (1999) ArticleTitleThe screening and diagnosis of autistic spectrum disorders Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 29 439–484

    Google Scholar 

  • F. P. Glascoe (2000) ArticleTitleEvidence-based approach to developmental and behavioral surveillance using parents’ concerns Child: Care, Health, and Development 26 137–49

    Google Scholar 

  • F. Happe (1994) ArticleTitleAnnotation: Current theories of autism: The “theory of mind” account and rival theories Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 35 215–229

    Google Scholar 

  • S. L. Harris J. S. Handleman R. Gordon B. Kristoff F. Fuentes (1991) ArticleTitleChanges in cognitive and language functioning of preschool children with autism Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 21 281–290

    Google Scholar 

  • D. L. Hedrick E. M. Prather A. R. Tobin (1984) Sequenced Inventory of Communication Development (Rev. ed.). University of Washington Press Seattle, WA

    Google Scholar 

  • P. Howlin A. Moore (1997) ArticleTitleDiagnosis in autism Autism 1 135–162

    Google Scholar 

  • C. Lord (1995) ArticleTitleFollow-up of two-year-olds referred for possible autism Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 36 1365–1382

    Google Scholar 

  • C. Lord S. Risi L. Lambrecht E. H. Cook B. L. Leventhal P. C. DiLavore A. Pickles M. Rutter (2000) ArticleTitleThe Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Generic: A standard measure of social and communication deficits associated with the spectrum of autism Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 30 205–223

    Google Scholar 

  • O. I. Lovaas (1987) ArticleTitleBehavioral treatment and normal educational and intellectual functioning in young autistic children Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 55 3–9

    Google Scholar 

  • S. J. Meisels S. Atkins-Burnett (1994) Developmental screening in early childhood: A guide. National Association for the Education of Young Children Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • E. M. Mullen (1995) Mullen Scales of Early Learning: AGS Edition. American Guidance Service Circle Pines, MN

    Google Scholar 

  • P. Mundy M. Crowson (1997) ArticleTitleJoint attention and early social communication: Implications for research on intervention with autism Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 27 653–676

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Newborg J. R. Stock L. Wnek J. Guidubaldi J. Scinicki (1984) Battelle Developmental Inventory Riverside Publishing Chicago

    Google Scholar 

  • D. L. Robins D. Fein M. L. Barton J. A. Green (2001) ArticleTitleThe modified checklist for autism in toddlers: An initial study investigating the early detection of autism and pervasive developmental disorders Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 31 131–144

    Google Scholar 

  • S. J. Rogers H. Lewis (1989) ArticleTitleAn effective day treatment model for young children with pervasive developmental disorders Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 28 207–214

    Google Scholar 

  • D. Scambler S. J. Rogers E. A. Wehner (2001) ArticleTitleCan the checklist for autism in toddlers differentiate young children with autism from those with developmental delays Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 40 1457–1463

    Google Scholar 

  • E. Schopler R. J. Reichler B. R. Renner (1988) The Childhood Autism Rating Scale Western Psychological Services Los Angeles

    Google Scholar 

  • Siegel, B. (1996). Pervasive Developmental Disorders Screening Test. Unpublished manuscript, University of California at San Francisco.

  • Siegel, B. (1998, June). Early screening and diagnosis in autistic spectrum disorders: The Pervasive Developmental Disorders Screening Test (PDDST). Paper presented at the NIH State of the Science in Autism: Screening and Diagnosis Working Conference, Bethesda, MD.

  • Siegel, B., & Hayer, C. (1999, April). Detection of autism in the 2nd and 3rd year: The Pervasive Developmental Disorders Screening Test (PDDST). Poster presented at the Biennial Meeting for the Society for Research in Child Development, Albuquerque, NM.

  • B. Siegel C. Pliner J. Eschler G. R. Elliot (1988) ArticleTitleHow children with autism are diagnosed: Difficulties in identification of children with multiple developmental delays Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics 9 199–204

    Google Scholar 

  • W.L. Stone E.E. Coonrod O.Y. Ousley (2000) ArticleTitleScreening tool for autism in two-year-olds (STAT): Development and preliminary data Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 30 607–612

    Google Scholar 

  • W. L. Stone E. L. Hoffman S. E. Lewis O. Y. Ousley (1994) ArticleTitleEarly recognition of autism: Parental reports vs. clinical observation. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine 148 174–179

    Google Scholar 

  • W. L. Stone E. B. Lee L. Ashford J. Brissie S. L. Hepburn E. E. Coonrod B. H. Weiss (1999) ArticleTitleCan autism be diagnosed accurately in children under three years Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 40 219–226

    Google Scholar 

  • Stone, W. L. & Ousley, O. Y. (1997). STAT Manual: Screening tool for autism in two-year-olds. Unpublished manuscript, Vanderbilt University.

  • W. L. Stone O.Y. Ousley C. D. Littleford (1997) ArticleTitleMotor imitation in young children with autism: What’s the object Journal of Abnormal Psychology 25 475–485

    Google Scholar 

  • W. L. Stone O. Y. Ousley P. J. Yoder K. L. Hogan S. L. Hepburn (1997) ArticleTitleNonverbal communication in two- and three-year-old children with autism Journal of Autism and Developmental Disabilities 27 677–696

    Google Scholar 

  • P. S. Strain M. Hoyson B. Jamieson (1985) ArticleTitleNormally developing preschoolers as intervention agents for autistic-like children: Effects on class deportment and social interaction Journal of the Division for Early Childhood Spring 105–115

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner, L. M., Pozdol, S. L., & Stone, W. L. (2002, November). Changes in social-communicative skills from age 2 to age 3 in children with autism. Poster session presented at the International Meeting for Autism Research, Orlando, FL.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Wendy L. Stone.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Stone, W.L., Coonrod, E.E., Turner, L.M. et al. Psychometric Properties of the STAT for Early Autism Screening. J Autism Dev Disord 34, 691–701 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-004-5289-8

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-004-5289-8

Keywords

Navigation