Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Discriminative Ability of the Azeri Version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in Outpatient Practice

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Community Mental Health Journal Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this study we examined the validity of the Azeri version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The SDQ was administered to the parents of two samples of 4–16-year-old children: the case group was drawn from children presenting to the psychiatric outpatient service (n = 347) and the comparison group from the pediatric outpatient service (n = 267). The total difficulties score and the scores for each subscale were compared between two groups. The proportion of children with the total difficulties score in the abnormal range was higher in the case group than in the comparison group (74 and 34 %, p < 0.001). The mean difficulties score difference between two groups was significant (mean difference = 6.3, p < 0.001). The Receiver Operating Characteristics analysis showed good discriminative ability for the total difficulties score and difficulties subscales (p < 0.001). SDQ distinguished well between groups.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alyahri, A., & Goodman, R. (2006). Validation of the Arabic Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and the development and well-being assessment. East Mediterranean Health Journal, 12, 138–146.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alyahri, A., & Goodman, R. (2008). The prevalence of DSM-IV psychiatric disorders among 7–10 year old Yemeni school children. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 43, 224–230.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Anselmi, L., Fleitlich-Bilyk, B., Menezes, A. M., Araújo, C. L., & Rohde, L. A. (2010). Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in a Brazilian birth cohort of 11-year-olds. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 45, 135–142. doi:10.1007/s00127-009-0052-2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bilfield, S., Wildman, B., & Karazsia, B. (2006). Brief report: The relationship between chronic illness and identification and management of psychosocial problems in pediatric primary care. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 31, 813–817. doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsj092.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Costello, E. J., & Janiszewski, S. (1990). Who gets treated? Factors associated with referral in children with psychiatric disorders. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 81, 523–529. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb05492.x.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • David, H., & Mark, D. (2004). Australian data and psychometric properties of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 38, 644–651.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Giacomo, A., Lamanna, A., Craig, F., Santoro, N., Goffredo, S., & Cecinati, V. (2012). The SDQ in Italian clinical practice: Evaluation between three outpatient groups compared. Rivista di Psichiatria, 47, 400–406. doi:10.1708/1175.13030.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Essau, C. A., Olaya, B., Anastassiou-Hadjicharalambous, X., Pauli, G., Gilvarry, C., Bray, D., …, & Ollendick, T. H. (2012). Psychometric properties of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire from five European countries. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 21, 232–245. doi: 10.1002/mpr.1364.

  • Glazebrook, C., Hollis, C., Heussler, H., Goodman, R., & Coates, L. (2003). Detecting emotional and behavioural problems in paediatric clinics. Child Care Health and Development, 29, 141–149.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gómez-Beneyto, M., Nolasco, A., Moncho, J., Pereyra-Zamora, P., Tamayo-Fonseca, N., Munarriz, M., …, & Girón, M. (2013). Psychometric behaviour of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) in the Spanish national health survey 2006. BMC Psychiatry, 13, 95. doi: 10.1186/1471-244X-13-95.

  • Goodman, R. (1997). The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: A research note. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38, 581–586.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goodman, R. (1999). The extended version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire as a guide to child psychiatric caseness and consequent burden. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 40, 791–799.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goodman, R., & Scott, S. (1999). Comparing the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and the Child Behavior Checklist: Is small beautiful? Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 27, 17–24.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hanley, J., & McNeil, B. (1982). The meaning and use of the area under a receive operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Radiology, 143, 29–36.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Klasen, H., Woerner, W., Wolke, D., Meyer, R., Overmeyer, S., Kaschnitz, W., …, & Goodman, R. (2006). Comparing the German versions of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ-Deu) and the Child Behavior Checklist. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 9, 271–276.

  • Koskelainen, M., Sourander, A., & Kaljonen, A. (2000). The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire among Finnish school-aged children and adolescents. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 9, 277–284.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kumpulainen, K., & Räsänen, E. (2002). Symptoms and deviant behavior among eight-year-olds as predictors of referral for psychiatric evaluation by age 12. Psychiatric Services (Washington, D. C.), 53, 201–206.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lai, K. Y., Luk, E. S., Leung, P. W., Wong, A. S., Law, L., & Ho, K. (2010). Validation of the Chinese version of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire in Hong Kong. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 45, 1179–1186. doi:10.1007/s00127-009-0152-z.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mansbach-Kleinfeld, I., Apter, A., Farbstein, I., Levine, S., & Ponizovsky, A. (2010). A population based psychometric validation study of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire—Hebrew version. Front Psychiatry, 31, 1–12. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2010.00151.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marzocchi, G. M., Capron, C., Di Pietro, M., Duran Tauleria, E., Duyme, M., Frigerio, A., …, & Thérond, C. (2004). The use of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) in Southern European countries. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 13, 40–46. doi: 10.1007/s00787-004-2007-1.

  • Mullick, M. S., & Goodman, R. (2005). The prevalence of psychiatric disorders among 5–10 year olds in rural, urban and slum areas in Bangladesh: An exploratory study. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 40, 663–671.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Muris, P., Meesters, C., & van den Berg, F. (2003). The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)—further evidence for its reliability and validity in a community sample of Dutch children and adolescents. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 12, 1–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Obel, C., Heiervang, E., Rodriguez, A., Heyerdahl, S., Smedje, H., Sourander, A., …, & Olsen, J. (2004). The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in the Nordic countries. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 13, 32–39. doi: 10.1007/s00787-004-2006-2.

  • Polaha, J., Dalton, W. T., & Allen, S. (2011). The prevalence of emotional and behavior problems in pediatric primary care serving rural children. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 36, 652–660. doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsq116.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rothenberger, A., Becker, A., Erhart, M., Wille, N., & Ravens-Sieberer, U. (2008). BELLA study group. Psychometric properties of the parent strengths and difficulties questionnaire in the general population of German children and adolescents: Results of the BELLA study. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 17, 99–105. doi:10.1007/s00787-008-1011-2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Samad, L., Hollis, C., Prince, M., & Goodman, R. (2005). Child and adolescent psychopathology in a developing country: Testing the validity of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (Urdu version). IInternational Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 14, 158–166.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shojaei, T., Wazana, A., Pitrou, I., & Kovess, V. (2009). The strengths and difficulties questionnaire: Validation study in French school-aged children and cross-cultural comparisons. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 44, 740–747. doi:10.1007/s00127-008-0489-8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smedje, H., Broman, J. E., Hetta, J., & von Knorring, A. L. (1999). Psychometric properties of a Swedish version of the “Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire”. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 8, 63–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vicente, B., de la Barra, F., Saldivia, S., Kohn, R., Rioseco, P., & Melipillan, R. (2012). Prevalence of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders in Santiago, Chile: A community epidemiological study. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 47, 1099–1109. doi:10.1007/s00127-011-0415-3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Warnick, E., Bracken, M., & Kasl, S. (2008). Questionnaire: A Systematic Review Checklist and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: A Systematic. Review, 13, 140–147. doi:10.1111/j.1475-3588.2007.00461.x.

    Google Scholar 

  • Widenfelt, B., Goedhart, A., Treffers, P., & Goodman, R. (2003). Dutch version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 12, 281–289. doi:10.1007/s00787-003-0341-3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Woerner, W., Fleitlich-Bilyk, B., Martinussen, R., Fletcher, J., Cucchiaro, G., Dalgalarrondo, P., …, & Tannock, R. (2004). The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire overseas: Evaluations and applications of the SDQ beyond Europe. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 13, 47–54. doi: 10.1007/s00787-004-2008-0.

Download references

Conflict of interests

On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

Ethical standard

The study was approved by the Ethic Commission of Azerbaijan Psychiatric Association.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Child Psychiatry Unit, Medina Medical Center, Baku, Azerbaijan

    Kamran Salayev

  2. Department of Psychiatry, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, Azerbaijan

    Ikram Rustamov & Narmin Gadjiyeva

  3. National Psychiatry Center, Baku, Azerbaijan

    Rustam Salayev

  4. Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

    Bjarte Sanne

Authors
  1. Kamran Salayev
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ikram Rustamov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Narmin Gadjiyeva
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Rustam Salayev
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Bjarte Sanne
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kamran Salayev.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Salayev, K., Rustamov, I., Gadjiyeva, N. et al. The Discriminative Ability of the Azeri Version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in Outpatient Practice. Community Ment Health J 52, 1106–1112 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-014-9791-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-014-9791-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation