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Complex rearrangements are involved in Cephalanthera (Orchidaceae) chromosome evolution

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Abstract

The genus Cephalanthera is an excellent plant group for karyotype evolution studies because it exhibits a dysploid series and bimodal karyotypes. With the aim of understanding their chromosomal and phylogenetic relationships, rRNA genes and the Arabidopsis-type telomeric sequence were mapped by fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH), and the rDNA intergenic spacer (ITS) was sequenced for the first time in three European species: C. longifolia (2n = 4x = 32), C. damasonium (2n = 4x = 36) and C. rubra (2n = 4x = 44). One 45S and three 5S rDNA sites are observed in C. longifolia, one 45S and two 5S sites in C. damasonium, and two 45S and one 5S site in C. rubra. Telomeric signals were observed at every chromosome end in all three species and C. damasonium also displays interstitial signals on three chromosome pairs. In agreement with chromosome data, molecular analyses support C. longifolia and C. damasonium as closely related taxa, while C. rubra stands apart. Possible pathways of karyotype evolution are discussed in reference to a previous hypothesis. The results indicate that complex chromosomal rearrangements, possibly involving Robertsonian fusions and fissions, loss of telomeric repeats, gain or loss of rDNA sites and other heterochromatic sequences and inversions, may have contributed to generating the present-day karyotypes.

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Author notes

  1. Eduardo A. Moscone

    Present address: Multidisciplinary Institute of Plant Biology (IMBIV), National University of Cordoba, Casilla de Correo 495, 5000, Cordoba, Argentina

  2. Andrea Pedrosa-Harand

    Present address: Laboratory of Plant Cytogenetics, Department of Botany, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Nelson Chaves s/n, CDU, Recife, PE, 50670–420,, Brazil

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chromosome Biology, University of Vienna, 1030, Vienna, Austria

    Eduardo A. Moscone, Dieter Schweizer & Andrea Pedrosa-Harand

  2. Department of Higher Plant Systematics and Evolutionary Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, 1030, Vienna, Austria

    Rosabelle Samuel

  3. Department of Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK

    Trude Schwarzacher

  4. Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1030, Vienna, Austria

    Dieter Schweizer

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  1. Eduardo A. Moscone
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  2. Rosabelle Samuel
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Correspondence to Andrea Pedrosa-Harand.

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Moscone, E.A., Samuel, R., Schwarzacher, T. et al. Complex rearrangements are involved in Cephalanthera (Orchidaceae) chromosome evolution. Chromosome Res 15, 931–943 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10577-007-1174-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10577-007-1174-6

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