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Glucomannan composite films with cellulose nanowhiskers

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Abstract

Spruce galactoglucomannans (GGM) and konjac glucomannan (KGM) were mixed with cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW) to form composite films. Remarkable effects of CNW on the appearance of the films were detected when viewed with regular and polarizing optical microscopes and with a scanning electron microscope. Addition of CNW to KGM-based films induced the formation of fiberlike structures with lengths of several millimeters. In GGM-based films, rodlike structures with lengths of several tens of micrometers were formed. The degree of crystallinity of mannan in the plasticized KGM-based films increased slightly when CNW were added, from 25 to 30%. The tensile strength of the KGM-based films not containing glycerol increased with increasing CNW content from 57 to 74 MPa, but that of glycerol-plasticized KGM and GGM films was not affected. Interestingly, the notable differences in the film structure did not appear to be related to the thermal properties of the films.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry of the University of Helsinki for use of the dynamic mechanical analyzer and Mikko Karesoja for kind assistance. Marko Peura is acknowledged for his contribution to the X-ray study. The Foundation for Natural Resources in Finland, the Nordic Forest Research Co-operation Committee, and the Academy of Finland are acknowledged for financial support.

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Author notes

  1. Chunlin Xu

    Present address: School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Centre, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014, Helsinki, Finland

    Kirsi S. Mikkonen & Maija Tenkanen

  2. Department of Food Technology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014, Helsinki, Finland

    Kirsi S. Mikkonen

  3. Division of Manufacturing and Design of Wood and Bionanocomposites, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden

    Aji P. Mathew & Kristiina Oksman

  4. Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, 00014, Helsinki, Finland

    Kari Pirkkalainen & Ritva Serimaa

  5. Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Åbo, Porthansgatan 3, 20500, Turku, Finland

    Chunlin Xu & Stefan Willför

Authors
  1. Kirsi S. Mikkonen
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  6. Stefan Willför
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Correspondence to Kirsi S. Mikkonen.

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Mikkonen, K.S., Mathew, A.P., Pirkkalainen, K. et al. Glucomannan composite films with cellulose nanowhiskers. Cellulose 17, 69–81 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-009-9380-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-009-9380-3

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