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An evolutionary comparative scan for longevity-related oxidative stress resistance mechanisms in homeotherms

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Abstract

Key mechanisms relating oxidative stress to longevity from an interespecies comparative approach are reviewed. Long-lived animal species show low rates of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and oxidative damage at their mitochondria. Comparative physiology also shows that the specific compositional pattern of tissue macromolecules (proteins, lipids and nucleic acids) in long-lived animal species gives them an intrinsically high resistance to modification that likely contributes to their superior longevity. This is obtained in the case of lipids by decreasing the degree of fatty acid unsaturation, and in the case of proteins by lowering their methionine content. These findings are also substantiated from a phylogenomic approach. Nutritional or/and pharmacological interventions focused to modify some of these molecular traits were translated with modifications in animal longevity. It is proposed that natural selection tends to decrease the mitochondrial ROS generation and to increase the molecular resistance to the oxidative damage in long-lived species.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to the anonymous reviewers for criticisms and suggestions, which improved the manuscript. Investigations of the author of this review have been supported in part by I+D grants from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (BFU2008-00335/BFI), and BSCH-UCM (2009–2010) to G.B; and grants from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (BFU2009-11879/BFI), the Spanish Ministry of Health (RD06/0013/0012), and the Generalitat of Catalunya (2009SGR735) to R.P. No competing financial interests exist.

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  1. Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-IRBLleida, Lleida, 25008, Spain

    Reinald Pamplona

  2. Department of Animal Physiology II, Complutense University, Madrid, 28040, Spain

    Gustavo Barja

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  1. Reinald Pamplona
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  2. Gustavo Barja
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Correspondence to Reinald Pamplona or Gustavo Barja.

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Pamplona, R., Barja, G. An evolutionary comparative scan for longevity-related oxidative stress resistance mechanisms in homeotherms. Biogerontology 12, 409–435 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10522-011-9348-1

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