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Non-additive and Additive Genetic Effects on Extraversion in 3314 Dutch Adolescent Twins and Their Parents

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Abstract

The influence of non-additive genetic influences on personality traits has been increasingly reported in adult populations. Less is known, however, with respect to younger samples. In this study, we examine additive and non-additive genetic contributions to the personality trait of extraversion in 1,689 Dutch twin pairs, 1,505 mothers and 1,637 fathers of the twins. The twins were on average 15.5 years (range 12–18 years). To increase statistical power to detect non-additive genetic influences, data on extraversion were also collected in parents and simultaneously analyzed. Genetic modeling procedures incorporating age as a potential modifier of heritability showed significant influences of additive (20–23%) and non-additive genetic factors (31–33%) in addition to unshared environment (46–48%) for adolescents and for their parents. The additive genetic component was slightly and positively related to age. No significant sex differences were found for either extraversion means or for the magnitude of the genetic and environmental influences. There was no evidence of non-random mating for extraversion in the parental generation. Results show that in addition to additive genetic influences, extraversion in adolescents is influenced by non-additive genetic factors.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO 985-10-002, NWO 900-562-137, and NWO-MagW 480-04-004), Spinozapremie NWO/SPI 56-464-14192, and by grants K08 MH069562, MH58799 and MH52813 from the National Institute of Mental Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 1 South Prospect Street, Arnold 3, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA

    David C. Rettew & James J. Hudziak

  2. Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Irene Rebollo-Mesa, James J. Hudziak, Gonneke Willemsen & Dorret I. Boomsma

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  1. David C. Rettew
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  2. Irene Rebollo-Mesa
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  4. Gonneke Willemsen
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  5. Dorret I. Boomsma
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Correspondence to David C. Rettew.

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Edited by Stacey Cherny.

David C. Rettew and Irene Rebollo-Mesa contributed equally to this manuscript and should both be considered first-author.

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Rettew, D.C., Rebollo-Mesa, I., Hudziak, J.J. et al. Non-additive and Additive Genetic Effects on Extraversion in 3314 Dutch Adolescent Twins and Their Parents . Behav Genet 38, 223–233 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10519-008-9192-5

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