References
Arnold, A. P. (2004). Sex chromosomes and brain gender. Nature Reviews: Neuroscience, 5, 701–708.
Bouvattier, C., Carel, J. C., Lecointre, C., David, A., Sultan, C., Bertrand, A. M., et al. (2002). Postnatal changes of T, LH, and FSH in 46, XY infants with mutations in the AR gene. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 87, 29–32.
Carruth, L. L., Reisert, I., & Arnold, A. P. (2002). Sex chromosome genes directly affect brain sexual differentiation. Nature Neuroscience, 5, 933–934.
De Bellis, A., Quigley, C. A., Cariello, N. F., El-Awady, M. K., Sar, M., Lane, M. V., et al. (1992). Single base mutations in the human androgen receptor gene causing complete androgen insensitivity: Rapid detection by a modified denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis technique. Molecular Endocrinology, 6, 1909–1920.
Elsayed, S. M., Al-Maghraby, M., Hafeiz, H. B., & Taha, S. A. (1988). Psychological aspects of intersex in Saudi patients. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 77, 297–300.
Hines, M., Ahmed, S. F., & Hughes, I. A. (2003). Psychological outcomes and gender-related development in complete androgen insensitivity syndrome. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 32, 93–101.
Jakubiczka, S., Werder, E. A., & Wieacker, P. (1992). Point mutation in the steroid-binding domain of the androgen receptor gene in a family with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS). Human Genetics, 90, 311–312.
Machover, K. (1951). Drawing of the human figure: A method of personality investigation. In G. L. Anderson (Ed.), An introduction to projective techniques (pp. 341–369). New York: Prentice Hall.
Mazur, T. (2005). Gender dysphoria and gender change in androgen insensitivity or micropenis. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 34, 411–421.
Murray, H. A. (1943). Thematic apperception test. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Taha, S. A. (1994). Male pseudohermaphroditism: Factors determining the gender of rearing in Saudi Arabia. Urology, 43, 370–374.
Taha, S. A., & Maqbool, G. M. (1995). The pattern of intersex disorders and gender assignment in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Medical Journal, 16, 17–22.
Thin, T. H., Wang, L., Kim, E., Collins, L. L., Basavappa, R., & Chang, C. (2003). Isolation and characterization of androgen receptor mutant, AR (M749L), with hypersensitivity to 17-beta estradiol treatment. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 278, 7699–7708.
Wisniewski, A. B., Migeon, C. J., Meyer-Bahlburg, H. F. L., Gearhart, J. P., Berkovitz, G. D., Brown, T. R., et al. (2000). Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome: Long-term medical, surgical, and psychosexual outcome. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 85, 2664–2669.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kulshreshtha, B., Philibert, P., Eunice, M. et al. Apparent Male Gender Identity in a Patient with Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome. Arch Sex Behav 38, 873–875 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-009-9526-2
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-009-9526-2