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Respiratorische Allergien bei Kindern und Jugendlichen – Stellenwert der Komponentendiagnostik und spezifischen Immuntherapie

Respiratory allergies in children and adolescents: the role of component-resolved diagnosis and specific immunotherapy

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Zusammenfassung

In der Allergologie nehmen respiratorische Allergien bei Kindern und Jugendlichen einen großen Stellenwert ein. Parallel zur steigenden Prävalenz hat sich auch die Forschung in den letzten 10 Jahren rasant entwickeln. Wir verstehen heute besser komplexe Zusammenhänge und können gezielter eine Diagnose stellen und die geeignete Therapie einleiten.

Neben der Anamnese, dem Haut-Pricktest und der Bestimmung des spezifischen IgEs auf verschiedene Allergen-Extrakte hat die Komponentendiagnostik in den letzten Jahren an Bedeutung gewonnen. Gerade auch im Bereich der Nahrungsmittel und Insektengifte findet sie schon verbreitet Anwendung. Aber auch bei respiratorischen Allergien kann bei einer gezielten Fragestellung die Komponententestung helfen, die Diagnostik zu verbessern.

Im Bereich der Therapie stellt die Spezifische Immuntherapie neben der Allergenkarenz und der rein symptomatischen Therapie den interessantesten Therapieansatz dar. Bei einer vernünftigen Patientenselektion und der richtigen Wahl des Allergens und des Präparates, zeigt sie ein sehr gutes Nutzen/Risiko-Profil und kann auch langfristig zu einer Toleranzentwicklung des Immunsystems führen.

Abstract

Respiratory allergies of children and adolescents are an important issue in allergology. In parallel to increasing prevalence rates also research has rapidly been developing for the last 10 years. Today we can better understand complex systems to improve our diagnostic and therapeutic accuracy.

In addition to medical history, skin-prick-testing and analysis of specific IgE to allergen extracts, componentresolved diagnosis has gained importance in the last years. While being increasingly helpful in the diagnosisof insect-venom and food-allergies, component-based diagnosis can also improve the management of patients with respiratory allergies.

Concerning different therapeutic approaches like allergen-avoidance or symptomatic therapy, specific immunotherapy (SIT) is one of the most interesting therapy-options, as it is still the only causal therapy available. After reasonable patient-selection and the selection of the right allergen and product, SIT has a very good risk/benefit-ration and can induce long-term immuno-tolerance to specific allergens.

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  1. Allergiezentrum Wien West, Hütteldorferstraße 46, 1150, Wien, Österreich

    Fritz Horak

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Horak, F. Respiratorische Allergien bei Kindern und Jugendlichen – Stellenwert der Komponentendiagnostik und spezifischen Immuntherapie. Wien Med Wochenschr 165, 347–353 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-015-0375-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-015-0375-4

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