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Paleoenvironment and taphonomy of lower Miocene bivalve and macroid assemblages: the Lagos Biocalcarenite (Lagos-Portimão Formation, southern Portugal)

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Abstract

Between Lagos and Albufeira, the Algarve coast of southern Portugal is marked by outcrops of the lower Miocene Lagos-Portimão Formation (LPF) consisting of yellow sandstone and coarse skeletal-rhodolithic limestone. This contribution focuses on the rhodoliths, their paleoecology, taphonomy, and biological composition, in the Lagos Biocalcarenite, the lower member of the LPF. Special attention is paid to the unusual occurrence of numerous rhodoliths nucleated around articulated bivalve shells, as well as to the nature of their biological interactions and taphonomic features. The calcareous algae of the rhodoliths (Phymatolithon calcareum and Spongites sp.) are commonly interlayered with thin bands of bryozoans and serpulids. Thick beds of non-nucleated spheroidal rhodoliths first appear at approximately 5–6 m above the base of the LPF as a result of a storm event that shifted rhodoliths in a shoreward direction. The bioeroded surface at the top of the Cretaceous Porto de Mós Formation, at the base of the overlying LPF succession, is a wave-cut platform representing the Miocene transgressive surface.

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Acknowledgements

This study was funded under Grant CGL2010-15372-BTE from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation to project leader Eduardo Mayoral (University of Huelva). Ana Cristina Rebelo thanks C. Wimmer-Pfeil at Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart in Germany for help with preparation of thin-sections for the study of the Canavial rhodoliths and Michael Rasser for advice on the taxonomy of coralline red algae. The rhodolith material in this contribution was presented by Rebelo in a session on “Atlantic rocky and sandy coastlines” during the conference convened by the Regional Committee on Neogene Atlantic Stratigraphy, held 10–13 July 2017 at the University of the Azores in Ponta Delgada, São Miguel Island, the Azores. Eduardo Mayoral and Ana Santos also acknowledge additional support by Junta de Andalucía (Spanish government) to the Research Group RNM 276 and by the project CGL2015-66835-P (Secretaría de Estado de I + D + i, Spain). Publication supported by project FCT UID/GEO/50019/2019 and Instituto Dom Luiz of geosciences. Last, but not least, the authors would like to thank the reviewer Laura Tomassetti (Sapienza University of Rome) and an anonymous reviewer, as well as the editors of Facies, for their helpful and constructive comments and suggestions that greatly contributed to improving the final version of this work.

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  1. Departamento de Geologia and Instituto Dom Luiz de geociências, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal

    Carlos Marques da Silva & Mário Cachão

  2. Divisão de Geologia Marinha, Instituto Hidrográfico, Rua das Trinas 49, 1249-093, Lisbon, Portugal

    Ana Cristina Rebelo

  3. SMNS-Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, 70191, Stuttgart, Germany

    Ana Cristina Rebelo

  4. CIBIO-Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade Recursos Genéticos, InBio Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores, Departamento de Biologia da Universidade dos Açores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Portugal

    Ana Cristina Rebelo

  5. Department of Geosciences, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, 01267, USA

    Markes E. Johnson & B. Gudveig Baarli

  6. Science and Technology Research Centre, University of Huelva, Av. Fuerzas Armadas SN, 21071, Huelva, Spain

    Ana Santos & Eduardo J. Mayoral

  7. Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Huelva, Campus de El Carmen, Avda. 3 de Marzo, s/n, 21071, Huelva, Spain

    Eduardo J. Mayoral

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da Silva, C.M., Cachão, M., Rebelo, A.C. et al. Paleoenvironment and taphonomy of lower Miocene bivalve and macroid assemblages: the Lagos Biocalcarenite (Lagos-Portimão Formation, southern Portugal). Facies 65, 6 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10347-018-0550-3

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