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Refinements in the Upper Permian to Lower Jurassic stratigraphy of Karakorum, Pakistan

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Abstract

New sampling on critical intervals of the uppermost Permian and Triassic successions of the Northern Karakorum Terrain in the Karakorum Range (Pakistan) has refined the stratigraphy. Two types of successions may be distinguished in the Karakorum Range: a carbonate platform succession, spanning the whole interval from Upper Permian to Upper Triassic, possibly with several gaps; and a basinal succession, deposited from the Middle Permian to Early Carnian (Late Triassic), when the carbonate platform prograded into the basin. With the approaching and later docking of the Karakorum Block against the Asian margin closing the Paleo-Tethys, a portion of Karakorum emerged while another part subsided as a fore-deep, receiving clastics from the emerging Cimmerian Range. Molassic sediments filled the basin, whilst shallow-water carbonates transgressed over the emerged carbonate platform sometime between the latest Triassic and the Pliensbachian (Early Jurassic), with Cimmerian deformation occurring to the north. The age control is provided by conodonts, with assemblages of late Wuchiapingian, Changhsingian, Induan (Griesbachian and Dienerian), late Olenekian, early Anisian, late Ladinian, and early Carnian ages, respectively. Some information on the section around the P/T boundary is provided by palynology and isotopic C13 values. The dating of the Norian/Rhaetian platform is provided by foraminifers.

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Acknowledgments

A Nicora, CM Henderson, and I Vuolo worked on the conodonts, S Cirilli on the palynomorphs, R Rettori and L Gale on the foraminifers, and V Atudorei on the isotopes. M Gaetani did the field work in 1986 with the help of A Nicora, and finalized the paper. L Angiolini and L Gaetani helped M Gaetani in the field work in 1991 and 1999. R Posenato tried to recognize large Jurassic bivalves on the basis of pictures. F Jadoul kindly provided the data for the section Ashtigar 1 bis. Italian and European grants to M Gaetani provided the financial support, but no field work would have been possible without the permission of the Pakistan Government, especially by the former Director of the Geoscience Laboratory of the Geological Survey of Pakistan, Dr Hassan Gahuar. All these people are warmly acknowledged. The field activity was organized through the Adventure Pakistan Travel Agency. Their guides and the porters were of invaluable help.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy

    Maurizio Gaetani, Alda Nicora & Irene Vuolo

  2. Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada

    Charles Henderson

  3. Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Universitá degli Studi di Perugia, Piazza Università, 06123, Perugia, Italy

    Simonetta Cirilli & Roberto Rettori

  4. Department for Palaeontology and Stratigraphy, Geological Survey of Slovenia, Dimičeva ulica 14, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia

    Luka Gale

  5. New Mexico State University, Albuquerque, NM, USA

    Viorel Atudorei

Authors
  1. Maurizio Gaetani
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  2. Alda Nicora
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  3. Charles Henderson
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  4. Simonetta Cirilli
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  5. Luka Gale
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  6. Roberto Rettori
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  7. Irene Vuolo
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  8. Viorel Atudorei
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Maurizio Gaetani.

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Gaetani, M., Nicora, A., Henderson, C. et al. Refinements in the Upper Permian to Lower Jurassic stratigraphy of Karakorum, Pakistan. Facies 59, 915–948 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10347-012-0346-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10347-012-0346-9

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