Abstract
Examination of the holotypes of two nominal species, Encrasicholina heteroloba (Rüppell 1837) and E. devisi (Whitley 1940), both previously recognized as valid species, was revealed to represent a single species. Accordingly, E. heteroloba is regarded as a senior synonym of E. devisi. Encrasicholina pseudoheteroloba (Hardenberg 1933), previously regarded as a junior synonym of E. heteroloba, is in fact a valid species in its own right and is therefore elevated accordingly. Encrasicholina heteroloba is distinguished from its congeners by a long upper jaw (posterior tip extending beyond the posterior margin of the preopercle), three unbranched rays in the dorsal and anal fins, and a shorter relative head length (24.9–28.9 % of standard length). Encrasicholina pseudoheteroloba differs from its congeners in having a long upper jaw (posterior tip extending beyond the posterior margin of the preopercle) and two unbranched rays in the dorsal and anal fins. A neotype is designated for E. pseudoheteroloba.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aonuma Y (1993) Engraulidae, anchovies. In: Nakabo T (ed) Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, pp 208–210, 1258
Aonuma Y (2000) Engraulidae, anchovies. In: Nakabo T (ed) Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species, 2nd edition. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, pp 248–250, 1465
Aonuma Y (2002) Engraulidae, anchovies. In: Nakabo T (ed) Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species, English edition. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, pp 248–250, 1463–1464
Aonuma Y, Yagishita N (2013) Engraulidae, anchovies. In: Nakabo T (ed) Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species, 3rd edition. Tokai University Press, Hadano, pp 302–304, 1812–1813
Carpenter KE, Krupp F, Jones DA, Zajonz U (1997) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of Kuwait, eastern Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates. FAO, Rome
De Bruin GHP, Russell BC, Bogusch A (1994) FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes. The marine fishery resources of Sri Lanka. FAO, Rome
Dor M (1984) Checklist of the fishes of the Red Sea (CLOFRES). Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem
Eschmeyer W (1998) Catalog of fishes, vols 1–3. California Academy of Science, San Francisco
Fowler HW (1941) Contributions to biology of the Philippine Archipelago and adjacent regions. Bull US Natl Mus 100 (13):1–879
Gloerfelt-Tarp T, Kailola PJ (1984) Trawled fishes of southern Indonesia and northwestern Australia. Australian Development Assistance Bureau, Directorate General of Fisheries, Indonesia, German Agency for Technical Cooperation, Jakarta
Gushiken S (1972) Fishes of the Okinawa Islands. Ryukyu Fishery Association, Naha
Hardenberg JDF (1933a) Notes on some genera of the Engraulidae. Natuurk Tijdschr Ned-Ind 93:230–256
Hardenberg JDF (1933b) New Stolephorus species of the Indo-Australian seas. Natuurk Tijdschr Ned-Ind 93:258–263
Hardenberg JDF (1934) Some remarks on the genus Stolephorus Lacepéde in the Indo-Australian archipelago. Treubia 14:313–375
Hata H, Motomura H, Ishimori H (2012) First Japanese record of an engraulid fish, Encrasicholina devisi (Clupeiformes), collected from Kagoshima Prefecture, southern Japan and comparisons with congeners. Jpn J Ichthyol 59:125–134
Hata H, Motomura H (2015) A new species of anchovy, Encrasicholina macrocephala (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae), from the northwestern Indian Ocean. Zootaxa 3941:117–124
Hata H, Motomura H (2016) Two new species of the genus Encrasicholina (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae): E. intermedia from the western Indian Ocean and E. gloria from the Persian Gulf, Red Sea and Mediterranean. Raffles Bull Zool 64:79–88
ICZN (The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature) (1999) International code of zoological nomenclature, 4th edition. Adopted by the General Assembly of the International Union of Biological Sciences. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London
Ishikawa S (2013) Encrasicholina heteroloba (Rüppell, 1837). In: Yoshida T, Motomura H, Musikashinthorn P, Matsuura K (eds) Fishes of northern Gulf of Thailand. National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, and Kagoshima University Museum, Kagoshima, p 31 (Available at http://www.museum.kagoshima-u.ac.jp/staff/motomura/dl_en.html)
Losse GF (1966) Check list of elopoid and clupeoid fishes in east African coastal waters. J East Afr Natl Hist Soc Nat Mus 25:166–178
Losse GF (1968) The elopoid and clupeoid fishes of east African coastal waters. J East Afr Natl Hist Soc Nat Mus 27:77–115
Matsunuma M (2011) Encrasicholina devisi (Whitley, 1940). In: Matsunuma M, Motomura H, Matsuura K, Shazili NAM, Ambak MA (eds) Fishes of Terengganu – East coast of Malay Peninsula, Malaysia. National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, and Kagoshima University Museum, Kagoshima, p 33 (Available at http://www.museum.kagoshima-u.ac.jp/staff/motomura/dl_en.html)
Mohsin AKM, Ambak MA (1996) Marine fishes and fisheries of Malaysia and neighbouring countries. Universiti Pertanian Press, Serdang
Mok HK (1993) Clupeiformes. In: Shen S-C (ed) Fishes of Taiwan. Department of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei
Nishishimamoto S (1963) Anchovies from the Ryukyu Islands. Bull Arts Sci Div Univ Ryukyu 6:54–67
Randall JE (2005) Reef and shore fishes of the South Pacific. New Caledonia to Tahiti and the Pitcairn Islands. University of Hawai’i Press, Honolulu
Rüppell WPES (1837) Neue wirbelthiere zu der fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Siegmund Schmerber, Frankfurt am Main
Sabaj Pérez MH (2014) Standard symbolic codes for institutional resource collections in Herpetology and Ichthyology: an online reference. Version 5.0 (22 September 2014). American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, Washington, DC. http://www.asih.org/resources/standard-symbolic-codes-institutionalresource-collections-herpetology-ichthyology. Accessed 16 Dec. 2015
Shen S-C (1984) Coastal fishes of Taiwan. Department of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei
Sommer C, Schneider W, Poutiers J-M (1996) FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resource of Somalia. FAO, Rome
Talwar PK, Kacker RK (1984) Commercial sea fishes of India. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta
Tiews K, Ronquillo IA, Santos LM (1970) On the biology of anchovies (Stolephorus Lacepéde) in Philippine waters. Proc Indo-Pacific Fish Counc 13:20–48
Uyeno T, Sato Y (1984) Stolephorus heterolobus (Rüppell). In: Masuda H, Amaoka K, Araga C, Uyeno T, Yoshino T (eds) The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, p 20, pl. 23-D
Wass RC (1984) An annotated checklist of the fishes of Samoa. NOAA Tech Rep NMFS SSRF-781:1–43
Whitehead PJP (1967) The clupeoid fishes of Malaya. J Mar Biol Assoc India 9:223–280
Whitehead PJP (1972) A synopsis of the clupeoid fishes of India. J Mar Biol Assoc India 14:160–256
Whitehead PJP, Nelson GJ, Wongratana T (1988) FAO species catalogue vol 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. Part 2 – Engraulidae. FAO Fisheries Synopsis, No 125 7:i–viii + 305–579
Whitehead PJP, Wongratana T (1984) Engraulidae. In: Fischer W, Bianchi G (eds) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51), vol 2. Bony fishes (Congiopodidae to Lophotidae). FAO, Rome, pp ENGR–ENGR Thrys 7
Whitley GP (1940) Illustrations of some Australian fishes. Aust Zool 9:397–428
Wongratana T (1980) Systematics of clupeoid fishes of the Indo-Pacific region. Ph.D thesis, University of London
Wongratana T (1983) Diagnoses of 24 new species and proposal of a new name for a species of Indo-Pacific clupeoid fishes. Jpn J Ichthyol 29:385–407
Wongratana (1987) Two new species of anchovies of the genus Stolephorus (Engraulidae), with a key to species of Engraulis, Encrasicholina, and Stolephorus. Am Mus Novit 2876:1–8
Wongratana T, Munroe TA, Nizinski MS (1999) Order Clupeiformes. Engraulidae. Anchovies. In: Carpenter KE Niem VH (eds) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the western central Pacific, vol 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes Part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae), FAO, Rome, pp 1698–1753
Yoshino T, Nishijima S, Shinohara S (1975) Catalogue of fishes of the Ryukyu Islands. Bull Sci Eng Div Univ Ryukyus (Math Nat Sci), 25:219–222
Young S-S, Chiu T-S, Shen S-C (1994) A revision of the family Engraulidae (Pisces) from Taiwan. Zool Stud 33:217–227
Acknowledgments
We thank M. McGrouther, A. Hay, and S. Reader (AMS), M. Sabaj (ANSP), O. Crimmen and J. Maclaine (BMNH), M.-A. Rogers, L. Smith, K. Swagel, and M. Westneat (FMNH), D. Golani (HUJ), R. Causse, P. Pruvost, and P. Béarez (MNHN), R. de Ruiter (RMNH), T. Alpermann and S. Drow (SMF) and J. Williams (USNM) for opportunities to examine specimens of Encrasicholina. We also thank Y. Haraguchi and other volunteers, and students of KAUM for their curatorial assistance, F. Krupp (SMF) for information on Rüppell’s figure, and G. Hardy (Ngunguru, New Zealand) for reading the manuscript and providing help with English. This study was supported in part by Sasakawa Scientific Research Grant from the Japan Science Society (28-745), Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A: 26241027, B: 24370041 and C: 23580259 and 26450265) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan (JSPS), Core-to-Core Program, “Research and Education Network on Southeast Asian Coastal Ecosystems”,, the Coastal Area Capability Enhancement in Southeast Asia Project of the Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan, and the “Biological Properties of Biodiversity Hotspots in Japan” project of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Japan, and “Establishment of Research and Education Network on Biodiversity and Its Conservation in the Satsunan Islands” project of Kagoshima University adopted by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This article was registered in the Official Register of Zoological Nomenclature (ZooBank) as 69121D7C-6DEE-48C2-A084-A3757736C39C.
This article was published as an Online First article on the online publication date shown on this page. The article should be cited by using the doi number.
About this article
Cite this article
Hata, H., Motomura, H. Validity of Encrasicholina pseudoheteroloba (Hardenberg 1933) and redescription of Encrasicholina heteroloba (Rüppell 1837), a senior synonym of Encrasicholina devisi (Whitley 1940) (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae). Ichthyol Res 64, 18–28 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-016-0529-4
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-016-0529-4