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Phylogeny and infrageneric classification of Correa Andrews (Rutaceae) on the basis of nuclear and chloroplast DNA

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Abstract

This paper presents phylogenies of the small but ecologically and horticulturally important Australian genus Correa (Rutaceae). Consensus phylogenies generated using parsimony were congruent with their counterparts generated by Bayesian analysis, although usually less well resolved. The phylogeny generated from the second internal transcribed spacer region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA supported the monophyly of Correa and identified two well supported clades (one comprising C. lawrenceana and C. baeuerlenii and the other containing all other species of the genus). Phylogenetic reconstructions based on the combined trnL-trnF spacer and the trnK intron (including the matK gene) regions of chloroplast DNA also supported the monophyly of Correa and of the C. lawrenceana/C. baeuerlenii clade, but the topology among the other species differed markedly from that in the ITS-based phylogeny. The major clades identified in the chloroplast phylogenies seemed to follow geographic patterns rather than species boundaries, with different samples of C. glabra bearing chloroplast genotypes from different clades. These patterns are likely to be because of independent evolution of the chloroplast and nuclear genomes, and are typical of cases of introgressive hybridisation among species or incomplete lineage sorting of chloroplast genomes leading to incongruence between chloroplast and nuclear phylogenies. Thus, the phylogenies based on nuclear DNA should reflect species relations better than the chloroplast phylogeny in Correa, and we propose a new subgeneric classification of the genus on the basis of the ITS-based phylogeny and morphology. Correa subgenus Persistens Othman, Duretto and G.J. Jord., containing C. lawrenceana and C. baeuerlenii, is formally described.

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Acknowledgments

We thank staff of the Australian National Botanic Garden and the Botanic Gardens of Adelaide (including Wittunga Botanic Gardens) for supplying plant material for this study. We also thank René Vaillancourt and Adam Smolenski for advice on suitable molecular methods.

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Author notes

  1. Raja Nur Ateeka Othman

    Present address: University Technology MARA (UiTM), 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Plant Science, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia

    Raja Nur Ateeka Othman, Gregory J. Jordan, James R. P. Worth & Dorothy A. Steane

  2. Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Private Bag 4, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia

    Marco F. Duretto

Authors
  1. Raja Nur Ateeka Othman
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  2. Gregory J. Jordan
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  3. James R. P. Worth
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  4. Dorothy A. Steane
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  5. Marco F. Duretto
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gregory J. Jordan.

Appendix 1

Appendix 1

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Table 1 Classification and distribution of Correa (adapted from Wilson 1998)
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Othman, R.N.A., Jordan, G.J., Worth, J.R.P. et al. Phylogeny and infrageneric classification of Correa Andrews (Rutaceae) on the basis of nuclear and chloroplast DNA. Plant Syst Evol 288, 127–138 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-010-0315-0

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