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The enteropathy of prostaglandin deficiency

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Abstract

Background

Small intestinal ulcers are frequent complications of therapy with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). We present here a genetic deficiency of eicosanoid biosynthesis that illuminates the mechanism of NSAID-induced ulcers of the small intestine.

Methods

Eicosanoids and metabolites were measured by isotope dilution with mass spectrometry. cDNA was obtained by reverse transcription and sequenced following amplification with RT-PCR.

Results

We investigated the cause of chronic recurrent small intestinal ulcers, small bowel perforations, and gastrointestinal blood loss in a 45-year-old man who was not taking any cyclooxygenase inhibitor. Prostaglandin metabolites in urine were significantly depressed. Serum thromboxane B2 (TxB2) production was 4.6% of normal controls (P < 0.006), and serum 12-HETE was 1.3% of controls (P < 0.005). Optical platelet aggregation with simultaneous monitoring of ATP release demonstrated absent granule secretion in response to ADP and a blunted aggregation response to ADP and collagen, but normal response to arachidonic acid (AA). LTB4 biosynthesis by ionophore-activated leukocytes was only 3% of controls, and urinary LTE4 was undetectable. These findings suggested deficient AA release from membrane phospholipids by cytosolic phospholipase A2-α (cPLA2-α), which regulates cyclooxygenase- and lipoxygenase-mediated eicosanoid production by catalyzing the release of their substrate, AA. Sequencing of cPLA2-α cDNA demonstrated two heterozygous nonsynonymous single-base-pair mutations: Ser111Pro (S111P) and Arg485His (R485H), as well as a known single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), Lys651Arg (K651R).

Conclusions

Characterization of this cPLA2-α deficiency provides support for the importance of prostaglandins in protecting small intestinal integrity and indicates that loss of prostaglandin biosynthesis is sufficient to produce small intestinal ulcers.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Vanderbilt Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Drive, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA

    David H. Adler, Ginger L. Milne, Jason D. Morrow, Oliver Boutaud & John A. Oates

  2. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA

    John A. Phillips III & Joy D. Cogan

  3. Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA

    Tina M. Iverson

  4. Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA

    Jeffrey A. Stein

  5. School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA

    David A. Brenner

  6. Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA

    Nathalie Schnetz-Boutaud

Authors
  1. David H. Adler
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  2. John A. Phillips III
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  4. Tina M. Iverson
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  6. Jeffrey A. Stein
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  7. David A. Brenner
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  8. Ginger L. Milne
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  9. Jason D. Morrow
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  10. Oliver Boutaud
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  11. John A. Oates
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Additional information

This article is based on a study first reported in the Journal of Clinical Investigation 2008;118:2121–31

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Adler, D.H., Phillips, J.A., Cogan, J.D. et al. The enteropathy of prostaglandin deficiency. J Gastroenterol 44 (Suppl 19), 1–7 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00535-008-2253-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00535-008-2253-y

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