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The “inside approach of the gallbladder” is an alternative to the classic Calot’s triangle dissection for a safe operation in severe cholecystitis

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Abstract

Background

External dissection of Calot’s triangle and the gallbladder associated with complete cholecystectomy is considered the gold standard technique to achieve a safe cholecystectomy. However, in severe acute or chronic cholecystitis, the laparoscopic application of this standard technique may be technically difficult, with an increased risk of bile duct injury, even in the hands of an experienced surgeon.

Methods

In a consecutive series of 552 cholecystectomies, 39 patients (7.1%) with difficult local conditions within Calot’s triangle, such as gangrenous cholecystitis (three patients), severe scleroatrophic cholecystitis with or without anomalous right hepatic duct (24 and 10 patients, respectively), or Mirizzi syndrome (seven patients), underwent a routine exclusive “endovesicular approach” as an alternative to dissection of Calot’s triangle prior to further subtotal cholecystectomy. All patients were examined by control cholangiography 3 months postoperatively to confirm the safety of the technique.

Results

The operation was well tolerated by all patients with only 15.4% minor complications. Intraoperative cholangiography was feasible in 79.5%. There were no postoperative biliary or infectious complications. At 4.3 months follow-up, all patients were symptom-free, except for two patients (5.1%) with residual common bile duct stones which were successfully treated by endoscopic sphincterotomy.

Conclusions

An endovesicular approach for gallbladder dissection followed by subtotal cholecystectomy is a safe alternative to the classic Calot’s dissection in the case of severe cholecystitis or difficult local conditions. This technique is recommended as an attractive solution to prevent bile duct injury, particularly when severe inflammation is associated to extrahepatic anatomic variants of the biliary tree.

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Abbreviations

ARHD:

Anomalous right hepatic duct

BDI:

Bile duct injury

CBDS:

Common bile duct stones

IOC:

Intraoperative cholangiography

LC:

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy

MRC:

Magnetic resonance cholangiography

SC:

Subtotal cholecystectomy

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Disclosures

Drs. Hubert, Annet, van Beers, and Gigot have no conflicts of interest or financial ties to disclose.

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Author notes

  1. Bernard E. van Beers

    Present address: Hôpital Beaujon, Paris, France

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Abdominal Surgery and Transplantation, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Avenue Hippocrate, 10, 1200, Brussels, Belgium

    Catherine Hubert & Jean-François Gigot

  2. Department of Medical Imaging, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Avenue Hippocrate, 10, 1200, Brussels, Belgium

    Laurence Annet & Bernard E. van Beers

Authors
  1. Catherine Hubert
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  2. Laurence Annet
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  3. Bernard E. van Beers
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  4. Jean-François Gigot
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jean-François Gigot.

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Hubert, C., Annet, L., van Beers, B.E. et al. The “inside approach of the gallbladder” is an alternative to the classic Calot’s triangle dissection for a safe operation in severe cholecystitis. Surg Endosc 24, 2626–2632 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-010-0966-5

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