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Ecological implications of parasites in natural Daphnia populations

  • Population Ecology
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Abstract

In natural host populations, parasitism is considered to be omnipresent and to play an important role in shaping host life history and population dynamics. Here, we study parasitism in natural populations of the zooplankton host Daphnia magna investigating their individual and population level effects during a 2-year field study. Our results revealed a rich and highly prevalent community of parasites, with eight endoparasite species (four microsporidia, one amoeba, two bacteria and one nematode) and six epibionts (belonging to five different taxa: Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyceae, Ciliata, Fungi and Rotifera). Several of the endoparasites were associated with a severe overall fecundity reduction of the hosts, while such effects were not seen for epibionts. In particular, infections by Pasteuria ramosa, White Fat Cell Disease and Flabelliforma magnivora were strongly associated with a reduction in overall D. magna fecundity. Across the sampling period, average population fecundity of D. magna was negatively associated with overall infection intensity and total endoparasite richness. Population density of D. magna was negatively correlated to overall endoparasite prevalence and positively correlated with epibiont richness. Finally, the reduction in host fecundity caused by different parasite species was negatively correlated to both parasite prevalence and the length of the time period during which the parasite persisted in the host population. Consistent with epidemiological models, these results indicate that parasite mediated host damages influence the population dynamics of both hosts and parasites.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Annelies Cappan for practical assistance, Luc Brendonck, Karl Cottenie, Joost Raeymaekers, Robby Stoks, Joost Vanoverbeke and Tom Wenseleers for their comments and discussion on earlier versions of the manuscript. Support for this research was provided by the Flemish Institute of Scientific Research in Industry (IWT), the KULeuven Research Fund (PDM 03/139) and het Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek-Vlaanderen (F.W.O) to ED & SD, by the KULeuven Research Fund (project OT/00/14) to LDM, and by the Swiss Nationalfonds to DE. This field study complies with the current laws of Belgium, in which it was performed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Catholic University of Leuven, Ch. De Bèriotstraat 32, 3000, Leuven, Belgium

    Ellen Decaestecker, Steven Declerck & Luc De Meester

  2. Département de Biologie, Ecologie et Evolution, Université de Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland

    Dieter Ebert

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  1. Ellen Decaestecker
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  2. Steven Declerck
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  4. Dieter Ebert
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Correspondence to Ellen Decaestecker.

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Communicated by Roland Brandl

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Decaestecker, E., Declerck, S., De Meester, L. et al. Ecological implications of parasites in natural Daphnia populations. Oecologia 144, 382–390 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-005-0083-7

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