Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

T1 and T2 relaxivity of intracellular and extracellular USPIO at 1.5T and 3T clinical MR scanning

  • Contrast Media
  • Published:
European Radiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this study we evaluated the effects of intracellular compartmentalization of the ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) ferumoxtran-10 on its proton T1 and T2 relaxivities at 1.5 and 3T. Monocytes were labeled with ferumoxtran-10 by simple incubation. Decreasing quantities of ferumoxtran-10-labeled cells (2.5×107-0.3×107 cells/ml) and decreasing concentrations of free ferumoxtran-10 (without cells) in Ficoll solution were evaluated with 1.5 and 3T clinical magnetic resonance (MR) scanners. Pulse sequences comprised axial spin echo (SE) sequences with multiple TRs and fixed TE and SE sequences with fixed TR and increasing TEs. Signal intensity measurements were used to calculate T1 and T2 relaxation times of all samples, assuming a monoexponential signal decay. The iron content in all samples was determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and used for calculating relaxivities. Measurements at 1.5T and 3T showed higher T1 and T2 relaxivity values of free extracellular ferumoxtran-10 as opposed to intracellularly compartmentalized ferumoxtran-10, under the evaluated conditions of homogeneously dispersed contrast agents/cells in Ficoll solution and a cell density of up to 2.5×107 cells/ml. At 3T, differences in T1-relaxivities between intra- and extracellular USPIO were smaller, while differences in USPIO T2-relaxivities were similar compared with 1.5T. In conclusion, cellular compartmentalization of ferumoxtran-10 changes proton relaxivity.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Tanimoto A, Oshio K, Suematsu M, Pouliquen D, Stark DD (2001) Relaxation effects of clustered particles. J Magn Reson Imaging 14:72–77

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Ferrucci JT, Stark DD (1990) Iron oxide-enhanced MR imaging of the liver and spleen: review of the first 5 years. AJR Am J Roentgenol 155:943–950

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Small WC, Nelson RC, Bernardino ME (1993) Dual contrast enhancement of both T1- and T2-weighted sequences using ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide. Magn Reson Imaging 11:645–654

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Li W, Tutton S, Vu AT, et al. (2005) First-pass contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography in humans using ferumoxytol, a novel ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO)-based blood pool agent. J Magn Reson Imaging 21:46–52

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Lutz AM, Weishaupt D, Persohn E, et al. (2005) Imaging of macrophages in soft-tissue infection in rats: relationship between ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide dose and MR signal characteristics. Radiology 234:765–775

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Tanimoto A, Pouliquen D, Kreft BP, Stark DD (1994) Effects of spatial distribution on proton relaxation enhancement by particulate iron oxide. J Magn Reson Imaging 4:653–657

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Weisskoff RM, Zuo CS, Boxerman JL, Rosen BR (1994) Microscopic susceptibility variation and transverse relaxation: theory and experiment. Magn Reson Med 31:601–610

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Bulte JM, Vymazal J, Brooks RA, Pierpaoli C, Frank JA (1993) Frequency dependence of MR relaxation times. II. Iron oxides. J Magn Reson Imaging 3:641–648

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Metz S, Bonaterra G, Rudelius M, Settles M, Rummeny EJ, Daldrup-Link HE (2004) Capacity of human monocytes to phagocytose approved iron oxide MR contrast agents in vitro. Eur Radiol 14:1851–1858

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Beckmann N, Falk R, Zurbrugg S, Dawson J, Engelhardt P (2003) Macrophage infiltration into the rat knee detected by MRI in a model of antigen-induced arthritis. Magn Reson Med 49:1047–1055

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Lutz AM, Seemayer C, Corot C, et al. (2004) Detection of synovial macrophages in an experimental rabbit model of antigen-induced arthritis: ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide-enhanced MR imaging. Radiology 233:149–157

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Pirko I, Ciric B, Johnson AJ, Gamez J, Rodriguez M, Macura S (2003) Magnetic resonance imaging of immune cells in inflammation of central nervous system. Croat Med J 44:463–468

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Pirko I, Johnson A, Ciric B, et al. (2004) In vivo magnetic resonance imaging of immune cells in the central nervous system with superparamagnetic antibodies. FASEB J 18:179–182

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Ruehm SG, Corot C, Vogt P, Kolb S, Debatin JF (2001) Magnetic resonance imaging of atherosclerotic plaque with ultrasmall superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide in hyperlipidemic rabbits. Circulation 103:415–422

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Ruehm SG, Corot C, Vogt P, Cristina H, Debatin JF (2002) Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide-enhanced MR imaging of atherosclerotic plaque in hyperlipidemic rabbits. Acad Radiol 9(suppl 1):S143–S144

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Schmitz SA, Taupitz M, Wagner S, Wolf KJ, Beyersdorff D, Hamm B (2001) Magnetic resonance imaging of atherosclerotic plaques using superparamagnetic iron oxide particles. J Magn Reson Imaging 14:355–361

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Saleh A, Wiedermann D, Schroeter M, Jonkmanns C, Jander S, Hoehn M (2004) Central nervous system inflammatory response after cerebral infarction as detected by magnetic resonance imaging. NMR Biomed 17:163–169

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Saleh A, Schroeter M, Jonkmanns C, Hartung HP, Modder U, Jander S (2004) In vivo MRI of brain inflammation in human ischaemic stroke. Brain 127:1670–1677

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Rausch M, Sauter A, Frohlich J, Neubacher U, Radu EW, Rudin M (2001) Dynamic patterns of USPIO enhancement can be observed in macrophages after ischemic brain damage. Magn Reson Med 46:1018–1022

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Kraitchman DL, Heldman AW, Atalar E, et al. (2003) In vivo magnetic resonance imaging of mesenchymal stem cells in myocardial infarction. Circulation 107:2290–2293

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Himes N, Min JY, Lee R, et al. (2004) In vivo MRI of embryonic stem cells in a mouse model of myocardial infarction. Magn Reson Med 52:1214–1219

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Daldrup-Link HE, Meier R, Rudelius M, et al. (2005) In vivo tracking of genetically engineered, anti-HER2/neu directed natural killer cells to HER2/neu positive mammary tumors with magnetic resonance imaging. Eur Radiol 15:4–13

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Daldrup-Link HE, Rudelius M, Piontek G, et al. (2005) Migration of iron oxide-labeled human hematopoietic progenitor cells in a mouse model: in vivo monitoring with 1.5-T MR imaging equipment. Radiology 234:197–205

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Daldrup-Link HE, Rudelius M, Oostendorp RA, et al. (2005) Comparison of iron oxide labeling properties of hematopoietic progenitor cells from umbilical cord blood and from peripheral blood for subsequent in vivo tracking in a xenotransplant mouse model (1). Acad Radiol 12:502–510

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Majumdar S, Zoghbi S, Pope CF, Gore JC (1989) A quantitative study of relaxation rate enhancement produced by iron oxide particles in polyacrylamide gels and tissue. Magn Reson Med 9:185–202

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Billotey C, Wilhelm C, Devaud M, Bacri JC, Bittoun J, Gazeau F (2003) Cell internalization of anionic maghemite nanoparticles: quantitative effect on magnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Med 49:646–654

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Sjogren CE, Johansson C, Naevestad A, Sontum PC, Briley-Saebo K, Fahlvik AK (1997) Crystal size and properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) particles. Magn Reson Imaging 15:55–67

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Jung CW, Jacobs P (1995) Physical and chemical properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide MR contrast agents: ferumoxides, ferumoxtran, ferumoxsil. Magn Reson Imaging 13:661–674

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Kaim AH, Wischer T, O’Reilly T, et al. (2002) MR imaging with ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles in experimental soft-tissue infections in rats. Radiology 225:808–814

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Graziani-Bowering GM, Graham JM, Filion LG, et al. (1997) A quick, easy and inexpensive method for the isolation of human peripheral blood monocytes. J Immunol Methods 207:157–168

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Roch A, Muller RN (1999) Theory of proton relaxation induced by supraparamagnetic particles. J Chem Phys 110:5403–5411

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Kellar KE, Fujii DK, Gunther WH, et al. (2002) Important considerations in the design of iron oxide nanoparticles as contrast agents for TI-weighted MRI and MRA. Acad Radiol 9(suppl 1):S34–S37

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Majumdar S, Zoghbi SS, Gore JC, et al. (1989) The influence of pulse sequence on the relaxation effects of superparamagnetic iron oxide contrast agents. Magn Reson Med 10:289–301

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, UCSF Medical Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA

    Gerhard H. Simon, Jan Bauer, Olaf Saborovski, Yanjun Fu, Michael F. Wendland & Heike E. Daldrup-Link

  2. Guerbet Group, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France

    Claire Corot

Authors
  1. Gerhard H. Simon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jan Bauer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Olaf Saborovski
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yanjun Fu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Claire Corot
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Michael F. Wendland
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Heike E. Daldrup-Link
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gerhard H. Simon.

Additional information

This work was supported by a seed grant from the Department of Radiology, University of California of San Francisco.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Simon, G.H., Bauer, J., Saborovski, O. et al. T1 and T2 relaxivity of intracellular and extracellular USPIO at 1.5T and 3T clinical MR scanning. Eur Radiol 16, 738–745 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-005-0031-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-005-0031-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation