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Diagnose und Differenzialdiagnose des Granulosazelltumors

Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of granulosa cell tumor

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Zusammenfassung

Klinisch und morphologisch lassen sich 2 Typen des Granulosazelltumors voneinander unterscheiden, der häufigere adulte Typ (AGCT) und der seltenere juvenile Typ (JGCT). Der adulte Typ lässt verschiedene Wuchsmuster erkennen: mikrofollikulär (charakteristisch, mit Call-Exner-Körperchen), makrofollikulär, trabekulär, insulär, solid-tubulär, gyriform und diffus (sarkomatoid). Beim juvenilen Typ finden sich solide und follikuläre Strukturen. Die neoplastischen Granulosazellen des adulten Typs sind irregulär angeordnet, zytoplasmaarm und enthalten blasse Kerne, vielfach mit Längsfurchung („Kaffebohnenkerne“). Beim juvenilen Typ finden sich dagegen breitzytoplasmatische Zellen mit eosinophilem Zytoplasma und polymorphen Kernen ohne Längsfurchung. Die Zahl der Mitosen beim adulten Typ übersteigt zumeist nicht 2/10 HPF, während sie beim juvenilen Typ deutlich höher liegen kann und auch atypische Mitosen vorkommen. Gemeinsam ist beiden Tumortypen die Expression von Inhibin-α, Calretinin und CD99 bei Negativität von EMA. Molekulargenetisch findet sich in 52% der Fälle ein „loss of heterozygosity“ bei 19p13.3. Neben chromosomalen Aberrationen liegt eine Vielzahl genetischer Aberrationen vor. Wichtigster prognostischer Faktor bei beiden Tumortypen ist das Tumorstadium. Rezidive können sich beim adulten Typ auch noch nach Jahrzehnten entwickeln, während sie beim juvenilen Typ bereits innerhalb der ersten 3 Jahre nach Diagnosestellung auftreten.

Abstract

Clinically and morphologically, two types of granulosa cell tumor can be distinguished, the more frequent adult type and the juvenile type. In the adult type, different growth patterns can be observed: microfollicular (most frequent, characterized by Call-Exner bodies), macrofollicular, trabecular, insular, solid-tubular, gyriform and diffuse (sarcomatoid). The juvenile type is characterized by solid and follicular structures. The neoplastic granulosa cells in the adult type have limited cytoplasm and haphazardly arranged angular, pale, mostly grooved nuclei. In the juvenile type, the cells have ample eosinophilic cytoplasm and polymorphic, sometimes bizarre nuclei, which are usually non-grooved. The number of mitoses in the adult type usually does not exceed 2/10 HPF, whereas it is considerably higher in the juvenile type, including atypical mitoses. A common feature in both types of tumor is the expression of inhibin-α, calretinin and CD 99. Epithelial membrane antigen is negative. Molecular genetics has demonstrated loss of heterozygosity at 19p13.3 in 52% of the cases. Besides chromosomal aberrations, there are a large number of cytogenetic anomalies. The most important prognostic factor in both types of tumor is tumor stage. Whereas recurrences in the adult type can develop even after decades, in the juvenile type they usually occur during the first 3 years after diagnosis.

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Schmidt, D., Kommoss, F. Diagnose und Differenzialdiagnose des Granulosazelltumors. Pathologe 28, 195–202 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00292-007-0908-8

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