Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Bacillus alkalicola sp. nov., An Alkaliphilic, Gram-Positive Bacterium Isolated from Zhabuye Lake in Tibet, China

  • Published:
Current Microbiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A Gram-positive, alkaliphilic bacterium, designated strain Zby6T, was isolated from Zhabuye Lake in Tibet, China. The strain was able to grow at pH 8.0–11.0 (optimum at pH 10.0), in 0–8 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 3 %, w/v) and at 10–45 °C (optimum at 37 °C). Cells of the isolate were facultatively anaerobic and spore-forming rods with polar flagellum. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7, and its cell wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15:0, C16:0 and anteiso-C15:0. The major polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine. The genomic DNA G+C content of the isolate was 38.9 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain Zby6T was a member of the genus Bacillus and most closely related to Bacillus cellulosilyticus DSM 2522T (97.7 % similarity). The DNA–DNA relatedness value between strain Zby6T and B. cellulosilyticus DSM 2522T was 59.2 ± 1.8 %. Comparative analysis of genotypic and phenotypic features indicated that strain Zby6T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus alkalicola sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is Zby6T (=CGMCC 1.10368T = JCM 17098T = NBRC 107743T).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Agnew MD, Koval SF, Jarrell KF (1995) Isolation and characterization of novel alkaliphiles from bauxite-processing waste and description of Bacillus vedderi sp. nov., a new obligate alkaliphile. Syst Appl Microbiol 18:221–230

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Aino K, Hirota K, Matsuno T et al (2008) Bacillus polygoni sp. nov., a moderately halophilic, non-motile obligate alkaliphile isolated from indigo balls. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 58:120–124

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Ash C, Farrow JAE, Wallbanks S, Collins MD (1991) Phylogenetic heterogeneity of the genus Bacillus as revealed by comparative analysis of small-subunit ribosomal-RNA sequences. Lett Appl Microbiol 13:202–206

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Baesman SM, Stolz JF, Kulp TR, Oremland RS (2009) Enrichment and isolation of Bacillus beveridgei sp. nov., a facultative anaerobic haloalkaliphile from Mono Lake, California, that respires oxyanions of tellurium, selenium, and arsenic. Extremophiles 13:695–705

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Baker GC, Smith JJ, Cowan DA (2003) Review and re-analysis of domain-specific 16S primers. J Microbiol Methods 55:541–555

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Borsodi AK, Marialigeti K, Szabo G, Palatinszky M, Pollak B, Keki Z, Kovacs AL, Schumann P, Toth EM (2008) Bacillus aurantiacus sp. nov., an alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from Hungarian soda lakes. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 58:845–851

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Borsodi AK, Pollak B, Keki Z, Rusznyak A, Kovacs AL, Sproer C, Schumann P, Marialigeti K, Toth EM (2011) Bacillus alkalisediminis sp. nov., an alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from sediment of extremely shallow soda ponds. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 61:1880–1886

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Carrasco IJ, Marquez MC, Xue Y, Ma Y, Cowan DA, Jones BE, Grant WD, Ventosa A (2007) Bacillus chagannorensis sp. nov., a moderate halophile from a soda lake in Inner Mongolia, China. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 57:2084–2088

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Collins MD, Pirouz T, Goodfellow M, Minnikin DE (1977) Distribution of menaquinones in actinomycetes and corynebacteria. J Gen Microbiol 100:221–230

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. De Ley J, Cattoir H, Reynaerts A (1970) The quantitative measurement of DNA hybridization from renaturation rates. Eur J Biochem 12:133–142

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Denizci AA, Kazan D, Erarslan A (2010) Bacillus marmarensis sp. nov., an alkaliphilic, protease-producing bacterium isolated from mushroom compost. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 60:1590–1594

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Dong X, Cai M (2001) Manual for the systematic identification of general bacteria. Science Press, Duluth

    Google Scholar 

  13. Felsenstein J (1981) Evolutionary trees from DNA sequences: a maximum likelihood approach. J Mol Evol 17:368–376

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Felsenstein J (1985) Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39:783–791

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Gerhardt P, Murray RGE, Costilow RN et al (1981) Manual of methods for general bacteriology. American Society for Microbiology, Washington

    Google Scholar 

  16. Gregersen T (1978) Rapid method for distinction of gram-negative from gram-positive bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 5:123–127

    Google Scholar 

  17. Groth I, Schumann P, Weiss N, Martin K, Rainey FA (1996) Agrococcus jenensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a new genus of actinomycetes with diaminobutyric acid in the cell wall. Int J Syst Bacteriol 46:234–239

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Horikoshi K (1999) Alkaliphiles: some applications of their products for biotechnology. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 63:735–750

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Horikoshi K, Akiba T (1982) Alkalophilic microorganisms: a new microbial world. Japan Scientific Societies Press, Tokyo

    Google Scholar 

  20. Jones BE, Grant WD, Duckworth AW, Owenson GG (1998) Microbial diversity of soda lakes. Extremophiles 2:191–200

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Kim OS, Cho YJ, Lee K, Yoon SH, Mincheol Kim M, Na H, Park SC, Jeon YS, Lee JH, Yi H, Won S, Chun J (2012) Introducing EzTaxon-e: a prokaryotic 16S rRNA Gene sequence database with phylotypes that represent uncultured species. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 62:716–721

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Kimura M (1980) A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. J Mol Evol 16:111–120

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Marmur J (1961) A procedure for the isolation of deoxyribonucleic acid from micro-organisms. J Mol Biol 3:208–218

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Marmur J, Doty P (1962) Determination of the base composition of deoxyribonucleic acid from its thermal denaturation temperature. J Mol Biol 5:109–118

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Martins RF, Davids W, Abu Al-Soud W, Levander F, Radstrom P, Hatti-Kaul R (2001) Starch-hydrolyzing bacteria from Ethiopian soda lakes. Extremophiles 5:135–144

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Nielsen P, Rainey FA, Outtrup H, Priest FG, Fritze D (1994) Comparative 16S rDNA sequence analysis of some alkaliphilic bacilli and the establishment of a sixth rRNA group within the genus Bacillus. FEMS Microbiol Lett 117:61–65

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Nogi Y, Takami H, Horikoshi K (2005) Characterization of alkaliphilic Bacillus strains used in industry: proposal of five novel species. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55:2309–2315

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Ohta H, Hattori T (1983) Agromonas oligotrophica gen. nov., sp. nov., a nitrogen-fixing oligotrophic bacterium. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 49:429–446

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Padan E, Bibi E, Ito M, Krulwich TA (2005) Alkaline pH homeostasis in bacteria: new insights. BBA 1717:67–88

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Pettersson B, Lembke F, Hammer P, Stackebrandt E, Priest FG (1996) Bacillus sporothermodurans, a new species producing highly heat-resistant endospores. Int J Syst Bacteriol 46:759–764

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Romano I, Manca MC, Lama L, Nicolaus B, Gambacorta A (1993) Method for antibiotic assay on sulfolobales. Biotechnol Tech 7:439–440

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Romano I, Nicolaus B, Lama L, Trabasso D, Caracciolo G, Gambacorta A (2001) Accumulation of osmoprotectants and lipid pattern modulation in response to growth conditions by Halomonas pantelleriense. Syst Appl Microbiol 24:342–352

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Rzhetsky A, Nei M (1992) A simple method for estimating and testing minimum-evolution trees. Mol Bio Evol 9:945–967

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Saitou N, Nei M (1987) The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol 4:406–425

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Sasser M (1990) Identification of bacteria by gas chromatography of cellular fatty acids, MIDI Technical Note 101. MIDI Inc, Newark

    Google Scholar 

  36. Schleifer KH, Kandler O (1972) Peptidoglycan types of bacterial cell walls and their taxonomic implications. Bacteriol Rev 36:407–477

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Smibert RM, Krieg NR (1981) General characterization. Manual of methods for general microbiology. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, pp 409–443

    Google Scholar 

  38. Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Nei M, Kumar S (2011) MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol Biol Evol 28:2731–2739

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Vargas VA, Delgado OD, Hatti-Kaul R, Mattiasson B (2005) Bacillus bogoriensis sp. nov., a novel alkaliphilic, halotolerant bacterium isolated from a Kenyan soda lake. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55:899–902

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Wu CY, Zhuang L, Zhou SG, Li FB, He J (2011) Corynebacterium humireducens sp. nov., an alkaliphilic humic-reducing bacterium isolated from a microbial fuel cell. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 61:882–887

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Zhang J, Wang J, Song F, Fang C, Xin Y, Zhang Y (2011) Bacillus nanhaiisediminis sp. nov., an alkalitolerant member of Bacillus rRNA group 6. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 61:1078–1083

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Grants from the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Knowledge Innovation Program, KSCX2-EW-G-3) and the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2013CB733900 and 2012AA022100).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People’s Republic of China

    Lei Zhai, Yanfen Xue & Yanhe Ma

  2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China

    Lei Zhai

  3. School of Life Sciences, University of Sichuan, Chengdu, 610065, People’s Republic of China

    Yiwei Ma

Authors
  1. Lei Zhai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yiwei Ma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yanfen Xue
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yanhe Ma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yanhe Ma.

Additional information

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain Zby6 T is GU583650.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (DOCX 2781 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zhai, L., Ma, Y., Xue, Y. et al. Bacillus alkalicola sp. nov., An Alkaliphilic, Gram-Positive Bacterium Isolated from Zhabuye Lake in Tibet, China. Curr Microbiol 69, 311–316 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-014-0576-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-014-0576-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation