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Studies of the interface of conducting polymers with inorganic surfaces

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Abstract

Many of the properties of multi-material systems and relevant devices depend on the interfaces between the different components. This review focuses on characterization of the interfaces between intrinsically conducting polymers and inorganic materials consisting of metals and metal oxides. These materials are chosen because of their importance in several analytical applications. Although use of conducting polymers and metals or metal oxides in analytical systems, specifically in sensing, is well established, the number of novel materials used for analytical purposes is continuously increasing. This further increases the possible number of effective combinations of different materials within multicomponent systems. As a consequence, innovative characterization techniques have become as important as more conventional techniques. On the other hand, sophisticated characterisation techniques are increasingly widespread and, consequently, also readily accessible. This critical review is not an exhaustive discussion of all possible analytical techniques suitable for characterization of interfaces. It is, instead, limited to an overview of the most effective, relatively widespread techniques, emphasising their most significant recent advances. Critical analysis of the individual techniques is complemented by a few selected examples.

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Abbreviations

AFM:

Atomic-force microscopy

An:

Aniline

EELS:

Electron energy loss spectroscopy

F8BT:

Poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-(1,4-benzo-[2,1′,3]-thiadiazole)]

FIB:

Fast ion bombardment

HAXPES:

Hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

ICP:

Intrinsically conducting polymer

IRRAS:

Infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy

ITO:

Indium tin oxide

NEXAFS:

Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure

OLED:

Organic light-emitting diodes

P3HT:

Poly(3-hexylthiophene)

PEDOT:

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)

PEEM:

Photoemission electron microscope

PFB:

Poly[9,9′-dioctylfluorene-co-bis-N,N′-(4-butylphenyl)-bis-N,N′-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine]

PSS:

Polystyrenesulfonate

Py:

Pyrrole

RSoXR:

Resonant soft X-ray reflectivity

RSoXS:

Resonant soft-X-ray scattering

SAM:

Self-assembled monolayer

SE:

Spectroscopic ellipsometry

SECM:

Scanning electrochemical microscopy

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

SERS:

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

SFG:

Sum frequency generation

SIMS:

Secondary-ion mass spectrometry

STEM:

Scanning TEM

STM:

Scanning tunnelling microscopy

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

Th:

Thiophene

XAS:

X-ray absorption spectroscopy

XRR:

X-ray reflectivity

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 183, 41125, Modena, Italy

    Fabio Terzi & Renato Seeber

  2. Department of Materials and Environmental Engineering, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Vignolese 905, 41125, Modena, Italy

    Luca Pasquali

  3. IOM-CNR, Science Park Area, Basovizza, s.s.14, km 163.5, 34149, Trieste, Italy

    Luca Pasquali

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  1. Fabio Terzi
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  2. Luca Pasquali
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  3. Renato Seeber
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Correspondence to Renato Seeber.

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Published in the topical collection Characterization of Thin Films and Membranes with guest editors Daniel Mandler and Pankaj Vadgama.

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Terzi, F., Pasquali, L. & Seeber, R. Studies of the interface of conducting polymers with inorganic surfaces. Anal Bioanal Chem 405, 1513–1535 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-012-6455-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-012-6455-z

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