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Gadoliniumablagerungen – Morbus Gadolinium

Gadolinium deposition—“gadolinium deposition disease”

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Zusammenfassung

Gadolinium(Gd)-haltige Kontrastmittel (KM) werden seit 1988 in der klinischen MRT-Routinediagnostik weltweit eingesetzt. Dabei wurden alle in der Routine verwendeten Kontrastmittel in der zugelassenen Dosierung hinsichtlich Verträglichkeit, Nebenwirkungsprofil und diagnostischer Wirksamkeit lange Zeit als sicher eingestuft. Mit der Beobachtung der nephrogenen systemischen Fibrose (NSF) und der Gd-Retention im Gehirn änderte sich diese Ansicht jedoch und führte in Europa zum Entzug bzw. zur Einschränkung der Zulassung linearer Gd-Chelate. Insbesondere die NSF sowie die akute Unverträglichkeitsreaktion sind bei der Betrachtung Gd-haltiger Kontrastmittel von primärer klinischer Relevanz. Die schon seit Langem in der Literatur beschriebenen Ablagerungen von gadoliniumhaltigen Strukturen bzw. Strukturkomplexen im Körper wurden in den letzten Jahren insbesondere durch Veröffentlichungen von Ablagerungen im Gehirn sowie auch im Knochenmark wieder in den Vordergrund gerückt, jedoch wurde bisher keine klinische Beschwerdesymptomatik und keine nachhaltige Konsequenz für die Gesundheit der Patienten hierdurch beobachtet. Als Morbus Gadolinium wird ein von überwiegend online aktiven Patienten(interessens)gruppen gebildeter, wissenschaftlich nicht sicher belegter Symptomkomplex beschrieben, der sich nach Anwendung von gadoliniumhaltigen Kontrastmitteln mit großem Beschwerdespektrum offenbart. Die Betroffenen sind von teils chronisch persistierenden, teils remittierenden, und nicht durch andere (Vor‑)Erkrankungen zu erklärenden Beschwerden geplagt.

Abstract

Gadolinium (Gd)-based contrast agents have been routinely used worldwide in diagnostic MRI since 1988. All routinely applied contrast agents for clinical use were considered extremely safe with regard to tolerance, adverse effects and diagnostic efficacy and when used at Food and Drug Administration-approved doses. With the identification of Gd-associated disorders, namely nephrogenic systemic fibrosis and adverse reactions, and in the longer term Gd-retention in the brain, this view changed and led to the withdrawal or restriction of approval of linear Gd chelates in Europe. Even though Gd deposition in different human body areas was described very early, recently published literature of intracerebral accumulation of contrast agents as well as deposition in bone have created surprising attention. Not only was the fact of Gd deposition in the body well known for many years, but there is currently no clinical evidence of patient symptoms and no resulting health issues of patients have been observed yet. The expression “gadolinium deposition disease” has been termed by active patient advocacy groups with an online presence with reports of individual members stating a broad spectrum of disorders yielding a large symptom complex after administration of Gd-based contrast agents without evidence of any pre-existing or otherwise underlying disease process which could explain the mentioned disorder.

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  1. Klinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Str., Gebäude 50.1, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Deutschland

    P. Raczeck, P. Fries, A. Bücker & G. Schneider

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P. Fries arbeitet wissenschaftlich an Forschungsprojekten mit der Firma Guerbet. A. Bücker ist wissenschaftlich für die Firmen Bracco und Guerbet tätig. G. Schneider arbeitet wissenschaftlich für die Firma Bracco und ist für Selbige Mitglied des Advisory Boards. Zusätzlich werden im Auftrag der Firma Bracco Vortragstätigkeiten wahrgenommen. P. Raczeck gibt an, dass es keinen Interessenskonflikt gibt.

Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autoren keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.

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Raczeck, P., Fries, P., Bücker, A. et al. Gadoliniumablagerungen – Morbus Gadolinium. Radiologe 59, 435–443 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-019-0522-9

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