Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Schlaganfall – Lifestyle und Umwelt

Stroke – lifestyle and environment

  • Leitthema
  • Published:
Der Nervenarzt Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Sowohl für die Schlaganfallprävention, aber auch für die Rehabilitation nach Schlaganfall spielen Umwelt- und Lebensstilfaktoren eine bedeutende Rolle. Dies betrifft unter anderem körperliche Aktivität, Körpergewicht und Ernährung, Rauchen, Konsum von Tee, Kaffee oder Alkohol, psychische Faktoren wie Depression oder Stress, bis hin zur Frage, ob ein Haustier gehalten werden sollte. Der vorliegende Beitrag widmet sich insbesondere dem Einfluss von Umwelt- und Lebensstilfaktoren auf die Schlaganfallprävention, weist aber an einigen Stellen auch auf deren Einfluss auf die Rehabilitation hin.

Summary

Lifestyle modifications and environmental factors are important for stroke prevention and rehabilitation after stroke. The individual stroke risk may be modified by factors like physical activity, body weight and nutrition, special dietary supplements such as vitamins, smoking, consumption of tea, coffee and alcohol, psychological factors and by keeping a pet. The focus of this article lies on measures for stroke prevention. For certain topics, it also comments on factors that are important during rehabilitation after stroke.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Literatur

  1. Alexandrino G, Damásio J, Canhão P et al (2014) Stroke in sports: a case series. J Neurol 261:1570–1574

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Andersen KK, Olsen TS (2013) The obesity paradox in stroke: lower mortality and lower risk of readmission for recurrent stroke in obese stroke patients. Int J Stroke 10:99–104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Appel LJ, Brands MW, Daniels SR et al (2006) Dietary approaches to prevent and treat hypertension: a scientific statement from the american heart association. Hypertension 47:296–308

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Appel LJ, Moore TJ, Obarzanek E et al (1997) A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure. N Engl J Med 336:1117–1124

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Balkaya M, Prinz V, Custodis F et al (2011) Stress worsens endothelial function and ischemic stroke via glucocorticoids. Stroke 42:3258–3264

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Bartsch T, Palaschewski M, Thilo B et al (2009) Internal carotid artery dissection and stroke after SCUBA diving: a case report and review of the literature. J Neurol 256:1916–1919

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Bazzano LA, Gu D, Whelton MR et al. (2010) Body mass index and risk of stroke among Chinese men and women. Ann Neurol 67:11–20

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Bolland MJ, Avenell A, Baron JA et al (2010) Effect of calcium supplements on risk of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular events: meta-analysis. BMJ 341:c3691

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Borriello A, Cucciolla V, Della Ragione F et al (2010) Dietary polyphenols: focus on resveratrol, a promising agent in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and control of glucose homeostasis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 20:618–625

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Buitrago-Lopez A, Sanderson J, Johnson L et al (2011) Chocolate consumption and cardiometabolic disorders: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 343:d4488

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Burns DM (2003) Epidemiology of smoking-induced cardiovascular disease. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 46:11–29

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Chowdhury R, Stevens S, Gorman D et al (2012) Association between fish consumption, long chain omega 3 fatty acids, and risk of cerebrovascular disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 345:e6698

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Clark D, Tuor UI, Thompson R et al (2012) Protection against recurrent stroke with resveratrol: endothelial protection. PLoS One 7:e47792

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Clarke R, Halsey J, Lewington S et al (2010) Effects of lowering homocysteine levels with b vitamins on cardiovascular disease, cancer, and cause-specific mortality: meta-analysis of 8 randomized trials involving 37.485 individuals. Arch Intern Med 170:1622–1631

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Costanzo S, Di Castelnuovo A, Donati M et al (2011) Wine, beer or spirit drinking in relation to fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events: a meta-analysis. Eur J Epidemiol 26:833–850

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Custodis F, Gertz K, Balkaya M et al (2011) Heart rate contributes to the vascular effects of chronic mental stress: effects on endothelial function and ischemic brain injury in mice. Stroke 42:1742–1749

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Dehlendorff C, Andersen KK, Olsen TS (2014) Body mass index and death by stroke: no obesity paradox. JAMA Neurol 71:978–984

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Diep L, Kwagyan J, Kurantsin-Mills J et al (2010) Association of physical activity level and stroke outcomes in men and women: a meta-analysis. J Womens Health (Lerchmt) 19:1815–1822

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Ding M, Bhupathiraju SN, Satija A et al (2014) Long-term coffee consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and a dose – response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Circulation 129:643–659

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Eckel RH, Jakicic JM, Ard JD et al (2014) 2013 AHA/ACC guideline on lifestyle management to reduce cardiovascular risk: a report of the american college of cardiology/american heart association task force on practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 63:2960–2984

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Endres M, Diener H, Röther J (2012) Sekundärprophylaxe des ischämischern Insults. In: Diener HC (Hrsg) Leitlinien für Diagnostik und Therapie in der Neurologie. Thieme, Stuttgart, S 324–347

  22. Endres M, Heuschmann PU, Laufs U et al (2011) Primary prevention of stroke: blood pressure, lipids, and heart failure. Eur Heart J 32:545–552

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Erdur H, Scheitz JF, Grittner U et al (2014) Heart rate on admission independently predicts in-hospital mortality in acute ischemic stroke patients. Int J Cardiol 176:206–210

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Estruch R, Ros E, Salas-Salvadó J et al (2013) Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with a mediterranean diet. N Engl J Med 368:1279–1290

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Ferrando AA, Paddon-Jones D, Hays NP et al (2010) EAA supplementation to increase nitrogen intake improves muscle function during bed rest in the elderly. Clin Nutr 29:18–23

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Flesch M, Schwarz A, Böhm M (1998) Effects of red and white wine on endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation of rat aorta and human coronary arteries. Am J Physiol 275:H1183–H1190

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Galan P, Kesse-Guyot E, Czernichow S et al (2010) Effects of B vitamins and omega 3 fatty acids on cardiovascular diseases: a randomised placebo controlled trial. BMJ 341:c6273

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Ha L, Hauge T, Iversen PO (2010) Body composition in older acute stroke patients after treatment with individualized, nutritional supplementation while in hospital. BMC Geriatrics 10:75

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Jefferis BJ, Whincup PH, Papacosta O et al (2014) Protective effect of time spent walking on risk of stroke in older men. Stroke 45:194–199

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Joshipura KJ, Ascherio A, Manson JE et al (1999) Fruit and vegetable intake in relation to risk of ischemic stroke. JAMA 282:1233–1239

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Kizer JR, Biggs ML, Ix JH et al (2011) Measures of adiposity and future risk of ischemic stroke and coronary heart disease in older men and women. Am J Epidemiol 173:10–25

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Larsson S, Orsini N, Wolk A (2012) Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and risk of stroke: a meta-analysis. Eur J Epidemiol 27:895–901

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Larsson SC, Orsini N (2011) Fish consumption and the risk of stroke: a dose – response meta-analysis. Stroke 42:3621–3623

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Laufs U, Schirmer SH (2012) Margarines supplemented with low dose n-3 fatty acids are not effective in secondary prevention. Eur Heart J 33:1555–1557

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Lee CD, Folsom AR, Blair SN (2003) Physical activity and stroke risk: a meta-analysis. Stroke 34:2475–2481

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Levine GN, Allen K, Braun LT et al (2013) Pet ownership and cardiovascular risk: a scientific statement from the american heart association. Circulation 127:2353–2363

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Li K, Kaaks R, Linseisen J et al (2012) Associations of dietary calcium intake and calcium supplementation with myocardial infarction and stroke risk and overall cardiovascular mortality in the Heidelberg cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study (EPIC-Heidelberg). Heart 98:920–925

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Mckee AC, Daneshvar DH, Alvarez VE et al (2014) The neuropathology of sport. Acta Neuropathol 127:29–51

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Meschia JF, Bushnell C, Boden-Albala B et al (2014) Guidelines for the primary prevention of stroke: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 45:3754–3832

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Micha R, Wallace SK, Mozaffarian D (2010) Red and processed meat consumption and risk of incident coronary heart disease, stroke, and diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Circulation 121:2271–2283

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Prospective Studies C (2009) Body-mass index and cause-specific mortality in 900.000 adults: collaborative analyses of 57 prospective studies. Lancet 373:1083–1096

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Rodriguez BL, D’agostino R, Abbott RD et al (2002) Risk of hospitalized stroke in men enrolled in the honolulu heart program and the framingham study: a comparison of incidence and risk factor effects. Stroke 33:230–236

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Rosengren A, Hawken S, Ôunpuu S et al (2004) Association of psychosocial risk factors with risk of acute myocardial infarction in 11 119 cases and 13 648 controls from 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. Lancet 364:953–962

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Salaycik KJ, Kelly-Hayes M, Beiser A et al (2007) Depressive symptoms and risk of stroke: the framingham study. Stroke 38:16–21

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Scherbakov N, Dirnagl U, Doehner W (2011) Body weight after stroke: lessons from the obesity paradox. Stroke 42:3646–3650

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Scherbakov N, Doehner W (2011) Sarcopenia in stroke – facts and numbers on muscle loss accounting for disability after stroke. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2:5–8

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Serpell J (1991) Beneficial effects of pet ownership on some aspects of human health and behaviour. J R Soc Med 84:717–720

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Sluijs I, Czernichow S, Beulens JWJ et al (2014) Intakes of potassium, magnesium, and calcium and risk of stroke. Stroke 45:1148–1150

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Sun AY, Wang Q, Simonyi A et al (2010) Resveratrol as a therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative diseases. Mol Neurobiol 41:375–383

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Toss F, Wiklund P, Franks PW et al (2011) Abdominal and gynoid adiposity and the risk of stroke. Int J Obes 35:1427–1432

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Truelsen T, Grønbæk M, Schnohr P et al (1998) Intake of beer, wine, and spirits and risk of stroke: the copenhagen city heart study. Stroke 29:2467–2472

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Weingärtner O, Böhm M, Laufs U (2011) Cholesterol-lowering foods and reduction in serum cholesterol levels. JAMA 306:2217–2218

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Weingärtner O, Lütjohann D, Ji S et al (2008) Vascular effects of diet supplementation with plant sterols. J Am Coll Cardiol 51:1553–1561

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Whooley MA, De Jonge P, Vittinghoff E et al (2008) Depressive symptoms, health behaviors, and risk of cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease. JAMA 300:2379–2388

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Wolf PA, D’agostino RB, Belanger AJ et al (1991) Probability of stroke: a risk profile from the Framingham Study. Stroke 22:312–318

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Yi S-W, Odongua N, Nam CM et al (2009) Body mass index and stroke mortality by smoking and age at menopause among korean postmenopausal women. Stroke 40:3428–3435

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Zordoky BNM, Robertson IM, Dyck JRB (2014) Preclinical and clinical evidence for the role of resveratrol in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) – Molecular Basis of Disease. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.1010.1016

Download references

Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien

Interessenkonflikt. L.M. Gerischer, A. Flöel und M. Endres geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland

    L.M. Gerischer, A. Flöel &  M. Endres

  2. Centrum für Schlaganfallforschung Berlin (CSB), Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Deutschland

    A. Flöel &  M. Endres

  3. Exzellenzcluster NeuroCure, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité Campus Mitte, Berlin, Deutschland

    A. Flöel &  M. Endres

  4. Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Partner Site, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland

    M. Endres

  5. Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung (DZHK), Partner Site, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland

    M. Endres

Authors
  1. L.M. Gerischer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. A. Flöel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. M. Endres
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. Endres.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Gerischer, L., Flöel, A. & Endres, M. Schlaganfall – Lifestyle und Umwelt. Nervenarzt 86, 947–953 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-014-4250-0

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-014-4250-0

Schlüsselwörter

Keywords

Search

Navigation