Skip to main content
Log in

Phylogeny of thePolygalaceae and its taxonomic implications

  • Published:
Plant Systematics and Evolution Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The phylogeny of thePolygalaceae is analysed cladistically. The two tribesXanthophylleae andMoutabeae are maintained in their former circumscription while a new tribe, theCarpolobieae, comprising the African generaCarpolobia andAtroxima is detached from thePolygaleae. Within thePolygaleae, the generaPolygala andMonnina appears to be polyphyletic. It is concluded thatMonnina subg.Monninopsis andM. subg.Pterocarya are better recognized as independent genera, here described asAncylotropis andPteromonnina, respectively. More work needs to be done before taxonomical decisions are made regardingPolygala. Bredemeyera andComesperma, which are often joined in a single genus, are found to be only distantly related.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aublet, F., 1775: Hist. Pl. Guiane.Moutabea, pp. 679–682. — Paris: P.-F. Didot.

    Google Scholar 

  • Austin, D. F., 1967: Flora of Panama.Trigoniaceae. — Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.54: 207–210.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baas, P., 1991: Leaf anatomy ofBalgoya pacifica (Polygalaceae) from New Caledonia. — Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat.13: 13–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bentham, G., Hooker, J. D., 1862:Polygaleae. — Gen. pl.1, pp. 134–140. — London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blake, S. F., 1916: A revision of the genusPolygala in Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. — Contrib. Gray Herb.47: 1–122.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boesewinkel, F. D., 1987: Ovules and seeds ofTrigoniaceae. — Acta Bot. Neerl.36: 81–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Breteler, F. J., Smissaert-Houwing, A. A. S., 1977: Revision ofAtroxima Stapf andCarpolobia G. Don (Polygalaceae). — Meded. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen77-18: 1–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bridgwater, S., Baas, P., 1982: Wood anatomy ofXanthophyllum Roxb. — IAWA Bull. Leiden3: 115–125.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlquist, S., 1977: Wood anatomy ofTremandraceae: phylogenetic and ecological implications. — Amer. J. Bot.64: 704–713.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chenery, E. M., 1948: Aluminium in the plant world. — Kew Bull.2: 173–183.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chodat, R., 1893: Monographiapolygalacearum. — Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genève31: 1–500.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1896:Polygalaceae. — InEngler, A., Prantl, K., (Eds): Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien, 3 (4), pp. 323–345. — Leipzig: Engelman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coetzee, H., Robbertse, P. J., 1985: Pollen and tapetal development inSecuridaca longipedunculata. — S African J. Bot.51: 111–124.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cronquist, A., 1988: The evolution and classification of flowering plants. 2nd edn. — Lawrence, Kansas: Allen Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Détienne, P., 1991: Anatomie du bois deBalgoya pacifica (Polygalaceae) de Nouvelle-Calédonie. — Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat.13: 17–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Erdtman, G., 1944: The systematic position of the genusDiclidanthera Mart. — Bot. Not.97: 80–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1952: Pollen morphology and plant taxonomy. Angiosperms, pp. 332–333. — Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell.

    Google Scholar 

  • —,Leins, P., Melville, R., Metcalfe, C. R., 1969: On the relationships ofEmblingia. — Bot. J. Linn. Soc.62: 169–186.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eriksen, B., 1993: Floral anatomy and morphology in thePolygalaceae. — Pl. Syst. Evol.186: 17–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gleason, H., 1926: Studies on the flora of northern South America IX. — Bull. Torrey Bot. Club53: 289–301.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haller, A. von, 1768: Hist. stirp. Helv.1: 148–149.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hasskarl, J. K., 1842: 130.Polygala? venenosum Jss. — Flora25, 2: beibl.: 31–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmgren, P. K., Holmgren, N. H., Barnett, L. C., 1990: Index herbariorum. Part I. The herbaria of the world. 8th edn. — Regnum Veg.120: 1–693.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutchinson, J., 1967: The genera of flowering plants (Angiospermae). — Oxford: Clarendon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jauch, B., 1918: Quelque points de l'anatomie et de la biologie des Polygalacées. — Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève10: 47–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, C. T., 1987: Taxonomy of the African species ofSecuridaca (Polygalaceae). — S African J. Bot.53: 5–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kassau, E., 1931: Beiträge zur Systematik einigerPolygalaceen-Gattungen unter Berücksichtigung des Vorkommens von Saponin. — Inaugural-Dissertation. — Berlin:P. Funk.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kopka, S., Weberling, F., 1984: Zur Morphologie und Morphogenese der Blüte vonVochysia acuminata Bong. subsp.laurifolia (Warm.)Stafleu (Vochysiaceae). — Beitr. Biol. Pflanz.59: 273–302.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krüger, H., Merwe, M. J. van der, Robbertse, P. J., 1988: Floral organogenesis inSecuridaca longipedunculata andPolygala virgata var.decora (Polygalaceae). — S African J. Sci.84: 308–313.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leinfellner, W., 1972: Zur Morphologie des Gynözeums der Polygalaceen. — Österr. Bot. Z.120: 51–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levyns, M. R., 1949: The floral morphology of some South African members ofPolygalaceae. — J. S African Bot.15: 79–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1954: The genusMuraltia. — J. S African Bot. Supp.2: 1–247.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lleras, E., 1978: Flora Neotropica Monograph no. 19.Trigoniaceae. — New York: New York Botanical Garden.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loureiro, J., 1793: Fl. Cochinch.Salomonia, pp. 18–19. — Berlin:Haude & Spener.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maddison, D. R., 1991: The discovery and importance of multiple islands of most-parsimoneous trees. — Syst. Zool.40: 315–328.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martius, C. F. P., 1827: Nov. gen. sp. pl.2: 139. — München.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meijden, R. van der, 1982: Systematics and evolution ofXanthophyllum (Polygalaceae). — Leiden Bot. Ser.7: 1–157.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mendes Marques, M. do C., 1980: Revisão das espécies do gêneroBredemeyera Willd. (Polygalaceae) do Brasil. — Rodriguésia32: 269–321.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1989:Monnina Ruiz etPavon (Polygalaceae) no Brasil. — Rodriguésia67: 3–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Metcalfe, C. R., Chalk, L., 1967: Anatomy of the dicotyledons.Polygalaceae andDiclidantheraceae, pp. 133–139. — Oxford: Clarendon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morat, P., Meijden, R. van der, 1991:Balgoya (Polygalaceae trib.Moutabeeae), a new genus from New Caledonia. — Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat.13: 3–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pedley, L., 1984: A revision ofComesperma (Polygalaceae) in Queensland. — Austrobaileya2: 7–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Penzig, O., 1901: Beiträge zur Kenntnis der GattungEpirrhizanthes Bl. — Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg17: 142–170.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rizk, A. M., 1982: Constituents of plants growing in Qatar. I. A chemical survey of sixty plants. — Fitoterapia53: 35–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodrigue, A., 1893: Structure du tégument seminal desPolygalacées. — Bull. Herb. Boissier1: 450–463.

    Google Scholar 

  • Royen, P. van, Steenis, C. G. G. J. van, 1952:Eriandra, a new genus ofPolygalaceae from New Guinea. — J. Arnold Arbor.33: 91–96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stafleu, F. A., 1948: A monograph of theVochysiaceae. Part I.Salvertia andVochysia. — Rec. Trav. Bot. Neerl.41: 397–540.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1952: A monograph of theVochysiaceae. Part II.Callisthene. — Acta Bot. Neerl.1: 222–242.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1953: A monograph of theVochysiaceae. Part III.Qualea. — Acta Bot. Neerl.2: 144–217.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1954: A monograph of theVochysiaceae. Part IV.Erisma. — Acta Bot. Neerl.3: 459–480.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steenis, C. G. G. J. van, 1968: Notes onBredemeyera (Comesperma) with a new Papuan Species and the Australian species listed (Polygalaceae). — Acta Bot. Neerl.17: 377–384.

    Google Scholar 

  • Styer, C. H., 1977: Comparative anatomy and systematics ofMoutabeae (Polygalaceae). — J. Arnold Arbor.58: 109–145.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sumithraarachchi, D. B., 1987: A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon.Polygalaceae, pp. 301–317. — Amsterdam: Balkema.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swofford, D. L., 1989: Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony, version 3.0 f. — Champaign: Illinois Natural History Survey.

    Google Scholar 

  • Verkerke, W., 1984: Ovule and seed ofXanthophyllum (Polygalaceae). — Blumea29: 409–421.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1985: Ovules and seeds of thePolygalaceae. — J. Arnold Arbor.66: 353–394.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1991: Fruits and seeds ofBalgoya pacifica (Polygalaceae) from New Caledonia. — Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat.13: 9–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wirz, H., 1910: Beiträge zur Entwicklungsgeschichte vonSciaphila spec. und vonEpirrhizanthes elongata Bl. — Flora101: 395–446.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weberling, F., 1974: Weitere Untersuchungen zur Morphologie des Unterblattes bei den Dikotylen. VII.Polygalales; VIII.Koeberlinia Zucc. — Beitr. Biol. Pflanzen50: 277–289.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Eriksen, B. Phylogeny of thePolygalaceae and its taxonomic implications. Pl Syst Evol 186, 33–55 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00937712

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00937712

Key words

Navigation