Summary
Apples and pears suffer from toxic manganese when grown under irrigation on acidified soils, on waterlogged soils, or on peculiar near-neutral soils. The toxicity is related simultaneously to the rate at which the manganese is reduced (in dry, moist, or wet soils) and the rate at which it is biologically oxidized in moist soils.
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References
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Grasmanis, V.O., Leeper, G.W. Toxic manganese in near-neutral soils. Plant Soil 25, 41–48 (1966). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01347960
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01347960