Skip to main content
Log in

Precopulatory mating behavior and sexual dimorphism in the amphipod Crustacea

  • Published:
Hydrobiologia Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Accounts in the literature of precopulatory mate-guarding in gammaridean amphipods are that males use one of two strategies for mating: either they mate-guard by carrying or attending their mates until they are ready to molt and be fertilized, or they do not guard, instead searching benthically or swarming pelagically at the time that females are ready to molt. Mate-guarding by carrying has been documented for species of the superfamilies Gammaroidea, Talitroidea, and Hadzioidea. Mate-guarding by attending has been found in the more sedentary Corophioidea and Caprellidea. Non-mate-guarders that search pelagically are species of Ampeliscoidea, Lysianassoidea, Phoxocephaloidea, Oedicerotoidea, and Pontoporeioidea. Non-mate-guarders that mate-search benthically are species of Eusiroidea, Crangonyctoidea, and Haustorioidea. Mate-guarding and non-mate-guarding males develop different secondary sex characters at maturity. Mate-guarding males have enhancements for fighting and signalling. These alterations are more elaborate in males that attend their mates than in males that carry their mates. Non-mate-guarders that search pelagically develop enhancements for swimming and sensing. Non-mate-guarders that remain benthic exhibit little change at maturity. Most mate-guarding males develop their secondary sexual characters over several molts and mate over more than one instar. Pelagic mate-searchers develop their secondary sexual characters at the last molt and mating is confined to the last instar. Females of most mate-guarding species are iteroparous, while fewer than half of non-mate-guarding species are so. It is hypothesized that mate-guarding arose more than once in the evolutionary history of amphipod Crustacea.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adams, J. & P. J. Greenwood, 1983. Why are males bigger than females in pre-copula pairs of Gammarus pulex? Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 13: 239–241.

    Google Scholar 

  • Adams, J. & P. J. Greenwood, 1985. Environmental constraints on mate choice in Gammarus pulex (Amphipoda). Crustaceana 50: 45–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Adams, J. & P. J. Greenwood, 1987. Loading constraints, sexual selection and assortative mating in peracarid Crustacea. J. Zool., Lond. 211: 35–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahsanullah, M. & A. R. Williams, 1986. Effect of uranium on growth and reproduction of the marine amphipod Allorchestes compressa. Mar. Biol. 93: 459–464.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alcock, J., 1989. Animal behavior. Fourth edition. Sinauer Assoc., Mass. 596 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ali, M. H. & S. D. Salman, 1986. The reproductive biology of Parhyale basrensis Salman (Crustacea, Amphipoda) in the Shatt al-Arab River. Estuar. coast Shelf Sci. 23: 339–351.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barrett, B. E., 1966. A contribution to the knowledge of the amphipodous crustacean Ampithoe valida Smith 1873. Ph.D. thesis, University of New Hampshire.

  • Behbehani, M. I., 1978. Studies on the ecology of Orchestia platensis Kroyer 1845 (Crustacea: Amphipoda). Ph.D. thesis, University of New Hampshire. 131 pp.

  • Birkhead, T. R. & K. Clarkson, 1980. Mate selection and precopulatory guarding in Gammarus pulex. Z. Tierpsychol. 52: 365–380.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blegvad, H., 1922. On the biology of some Danish gammarids and mysids (Gammarus locusta, Mysis flexuosa, Mysis neglecta, Mysis inermis). Rep. Dan. biol. Sta. 28: 1–103.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borowsky, B., 1980a. Reproductive patterns of three intertidal salt-marsh gammaridean amphipods. Mar. Biol. 55: 327–334.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borowsky, B., 1980b. The pattern of tube-sharing in Microdeutopus gryllotalpa (Crustacea: Amphipoda). Anim. Behav. 28: 790–797.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borowsky, B., 1983. Reproductive behavior of three tube-building peracarid crustaceans: the amphipods Jassa falcata and Ampithoe valida and the tanaid Tanais cavolinii. Mar. Biol. 77: 257–263.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borowsky, B., 1984a. Effects of receptive females' secretions on some male reproductive behaviors in the amphipod crustacean Microdeutopus gryllotalpa. Mar. Biol. 84: 183–187.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borowsky, B., 1984b. The use of the males' gnathopods during precopulation in some gammaridean amphipods. Crustaceana 47: 245–250.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borowsky, B., 1985. Differences in reproductive behavior between two male morphs of the amphipod crustacean Jassa falcata Montagu. Physiol. Zool. 58: 497–502.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borowsky, B., 1986. Laboratory observations of the pattern of reproduction of Elasmopus levis (Crustacea: Amphipoda). Mar. Behav. Physiol. 12: 245–256.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borowsky, B., 1988. Delaying copulation in the amphipod crustacean Gammarus palustris: effects on female fecundity and consequences for the frequency of amplexus. Mar. Behav. Physiol. 13: 359–368.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borowsky, B., 1989. The effects of residential tubes on reproductive behaviors in Microdeutopus gryllotalpa (Costa) (Crustacea: Amphipoda). J. Exp. mar. Biol. Ecol. 128: 117–125.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borowsky, B., C. A. Augelli & S. R. Wilson, 1987. Towards chemical characterization of waterborne pheromone of amphipod crustacean Microdeutopus gryllotalpa. J. Chem. Ecol. 13: 1673–1680.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borowsky, B. & R. Borowsky, 1987. The reproductive behaviors of the amphipod crustacean Gammarus palustris (Bousfield) and some insights into the nature of their stimuli. J. Exp. mar. Biol. Ecol. 107: 131–144.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bousfield, E. L., 1958. Fresh-water amphipod crustaceans of glaciated North America. Can. Field-Nat. 72: 55–113.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bousfield, E. L., 1973. Shallow-water gammaridean Amphipoda of New England. Cornell University Press. 312 pp.

  • Bousfield, E. L., 1979. A revised classification and phylogeny of amphipod crustaceans. Trans. r. Soc. Can. 16: 343–390.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bousfield, E. L., 1982a. Amphipoda, Gammaridea, and Ingolfiellidea. In S. B. Parker (ed), Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. Vol. 2. McGraw-Hill, New York: 254–294.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bousfield, E. L., 1982b. The amphipod superfamily Talitroidea in the northeastern Pacific region. I. Family Talitridae: systematics and distributional ecology. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci. (Ottawa) Publ. Biol. Oceanogr. 11: 1–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bousfield, E. L., 1983. An updated phyletic classification and palaeohistory of the Amphipoda. In F. Schram (ed), Crustacean Phylogeny. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam: 257–277.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bousfield, E. L., 1988. Ordered character states as a basis for phyletic classification within the Amphipoda. Abstract. Crustaceana, Supplement 13: 279–280.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bousfield, E. L., 1989. Revised morphological relationships within the amphipod genera Pontoporeia and Gammaracanthus and the ‘glacial relict’ significance of their postglacial distributions. Can. J. Fish. aquat. Sci. 46: 1714–1725.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowers, D. E., 1964. Natural history of two beach hoppers of the genus Orchestoidea (Crustacea: Amphipoda) with reference to their complemental distribution. Ecology 45: 677–696.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bregazzi, P. K., 1972. Life cycles and seasonal movements of Cheirimedon femoratus (Pfeffer) and Tryphosella kergueleni (Miers) (Crustacea: Amphipoda). Br. Antarct. Surv. Bull. 30: 1–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell-Parmentier, F., 1963. Vitellogenèse, maturation des ovocytes, accouplement et ponte en relation avec l'intermue chez Orchestia gammarella Pallas (Crustacé amphipode Talitridae). Bull. Soc. zool. Fr. 88: 474–488.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clarke, A., A. Skadsheim & L. J. Holmes, 1985. Lipid biochemistry and reproductive biology in two species of Gammaridae (Crustacea: Amphipoda). Mar. Biol. 88: 247–263.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clemens, H. P., 1950. Life cycle and ecology of Gammarus fasciatus Say. Franz Theodore Stone Institute of Hydrobiology, Ohio State University, Contribution 12. 63 pp.

  • Conlan, K. E., 1982. The amphipod superfamily Corophioidea in the northeastern Pacific region. Family Ampithoidea: systematics and distributional ecology. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci. (Ottawa) Publ. Biol. Oceanogr. 10: 41–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conlan, K. E., 1983. The amphipod superfamily Corophioidea in the northeastern Pacific region. 3. Family Isaeidae: systematics and distributional ecology. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci. (Ottawa) Publ. Nat. Sci. 4: 1–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conlan, K. E., 1989. Delayed reproduction and adult dimorphism in males of the amphipod genus Jassa (Corophioidea: Ischyroceridae): an explanation for systematic confusion. J. Crust. Biol. 9: 601–625.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conlan, K. E., 1990. Revision of the crustacean amphipod genus Jassa Leach (Corophioidea: Iscyroceridae). Can. J. Zool. 10: 2031–2075.

    Google Scholar 

  • Connell, J. H., 1963. Territorial behavior and dispersion in some marine invertebrates. Res. Popul. Ecol. 5: 87–101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, W. E., 1965. Dynamics and production of a natural population of a fresh-water amphipod, Hyalella azteca. Ecol. Monogr. 35: 377–393.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crawford, G. I., 1937. A review of the amphipod genus Corophium, with notes on the British species. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K. 21: 589–630.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crozier, W. J. & L. H. Snyder, 1923. Selective coupling of gammarids. Biol. Bull. 45: 97–104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dahl, E., H. Emanuelsson & C. Von Mecklenburg, 1970. Pheromone reception in the males of the amphipod Gammarus duebeni Lilljeborg. Oikos 21: 42–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • De March, B. G. E., 1977. The effects of photoperiod and temperature on the induction and termination of reproductive resting stage in the freshwater amphipod Hyalella azteca (Saussure). Can. J. Zool. 55: 1595–1600.

    Google Scholar 

  • De March, B. G. E., 1978. The effects of constant and variable temperatures on the size, growth, and reproduction of the freshwater amphipod Hyalella azteca (Saussure). Can. J. Zool. 56: 1801–1806.

    Google Scholar 

  • De March, B. G. E., 1982. Decreased day length and light intensity as factors inducing reproduction in Gammarus lacustris lacustris Sars. Can. J. Zool. 60: 2962–2965.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dick, J. T. A. & R. W. Elwood, 1989. Assessments and decisions during mate choice in Gammarus pulex (Amphipoda). Behaviour 109: 235–246.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dick, J. T. A., D. E. Irvine & R. W. Elwood, 1990. Differential predation by males on moulted females may explain the competitive displacement of Gammarus duebeni by G. pulex (Amphipoda). Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 26: 41–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dieleman, J., 1979. Swimming rhythms, migration and breeding cycles in the estuarine amphipods Gammarus chevreuxi and Gammarus zaddachi. In Naylor, E. & R. G. Hartnoll (eds), Cyclic phenomena in marine plants and animals, Proc. 13th Europ. Mar. Biol. Symp. Pergamon Press, Oxford: 415–422.

    Google Scholar 

  • Donn, T. E., Jr. & R. A. Croker, 1985. Life-history patterns of Haustorius canadensis (Crustacea: Amphipoda) in northern New England. Can. J. Zool. 64: 99–104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Downer, D. F. & D. H. Steele, 1979. Some aspects of the biology of Amphiporeia lawrenciana Shoemaker (Crustacea, Amphipoda) in Newfoundland waters. Can. J. Zool. 57: 257–263.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunham, P. J., 1986. Mate guarding in amphipods: a role for brood pouch stimuli. Biol. Bull. 170: 526–531.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunham, P. J., T. Alexander & A. Hurshman, 1986. Precopulatory mate guarding in an amphipod, Gammarus lawrencianus Bousfield. Anim. Behav. 34: 1680–1686.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunham, P. J. & A. Hurshman, 1988. Amphipod mate guarding decisions: deprivation versus uncertainty. Anim. Behav. 36: 609–611.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elwood, R., J. Gibson & S. Neil, 1987. The amorous Gammarus: size assortative mating in G. pulex. Anim. Behav. 35: 1–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Embody, G. C., 1911. A preliminary study of the distribution, food and reproductive capacity of some fresh-water amphipods. Biol. Suppl. 3: 1–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fenwick, G. D., 1985. Life-histories of four co-occurring amphipods from a shallow, sand bottom at Kaikoura, New Zealand. N.Z. J. Zool. 12: 71–105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fincham, A. A., 1970. Amphipods in the surf plankton. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K. 50: 177–198.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fincham, A. A., 1974. Periodic swimming behaviour of amphipods in Wellington Harbour. N.Z. J. mar. Freshwat. Res. 8: 505–521.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fish, J. D. 1975. Development, hatching and brood size in Bathyporeia pilosa and B. pelagica (Crustacea: Amphipoda). J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K. 55: 357–368.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fish, J. D. & A. Mills, 1979. The reproductive biology of Corophium volutator and C. arenarium (Crustacea: Amphipoda). J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K. 59: 355–368.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fish, J. D. & G. S. Preece, 1970. The annual reproductive patterns of Bathyporeia pilosa and Bathyporeia pelagica (Crustacea: Amphipoda). J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K. 50: 475–488.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fong, D. W., 1989. Morphological evolution of the amphipod Gammarus minus in caves: quantitative genetic analysis. Am. Midl. Nat. 121: 361–378.

    Google Scholar 

  • Franz, D. R., 1989. Population density and demography of a fouling community amphipod. J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol. 125: 117–136.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fredette, T. J. & R. J. Diaz, 1986. Life history of Gammarus mucronatus Say (Amphipoda: Gammaridae) in warm temperate estuarine habitats, York River, Virginia. J. Crustacean Biol. 6: 57–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gable, M. F. & R. A. Croker, 1977. The salt marsh amphipod, Gammarus palustris Bousfield, 1969 at the northern limit of its distribution. Estuar. Coast. mar. Sci. 5: 123–134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ginet, R., 1967. Ecologie, éthologie et biologie de Niphargus (Amphipodes Gammarides hypogés). Ann. Spéléol. 15: 127–376.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodhart, C. B., 1939. Notes on the bionomics of the tube-building amphipod, Leptocheirus pilosus Zaddach. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K. 23: 311–325.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenwood, P. J. & J. Adams, 1984. Sexual dimorphism in Gammarus pulex: the effect of current flow on pre-copula pair formation. Freshwat. Biol. 14: 203–209.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenwood, P. J. & J. Adams, 1987. Sexual selection, size dimorphism and a fallacy. Oikos 48: 106–108.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamashima, W. & H. Morino, 1984.Experimental studies on the growth, survival, and breeding activities of Jesogammarus paucisetulosus Morino at different temperatures. Publ. Itako Hydrobiol. Stn. 1: 25–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrison, R. J., 1940. On the biology of the Caprellidae. Growth and moulting of Pseudoprotella phasma Montagu. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K. 24: 483–493.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartnoll, R. G. & S. M. Smith, 1978. Pair formation and the reproductive cycle in Gammarus duebenii. J. nat. Hist. 12: 501–511.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartnoll, R. G. & S. M. Smith, 1980. An experimental study of sex discrimination and pair formation in Gammarus duebenii (Amphipoda). Crustaceana 38: 253–264.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heller, S. P., 1968. Some aspects of the biology and development of Ampithoe lacertosa (Crustacea: Amphipoda). M.Sc. thesis, University of Washington, Seattle. 132 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hiwatari, T. & T. Kajihara, 1988. Experimental studies on the growth and breeding of Hyale barbicornis (Amphipoda, Crustacea) at different temperatures. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 54: 39–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, R. G., 1988. Dispersal by benthic invertebrates: the in situ swimming behaviour of the amphipod Corophium volutator. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K. 68: 565–579.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunte, W. & R. A. Myers, 1988. Male investment time and mating decisions in amphipods: uncertainty or deprivation? Anim. Behav. 36: 608–609.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunte, W., R. A. Myers & R. W. Doyle, 1985. Bayesian mating decisions in an amphipod, Gammarus lawrencianus Bousfield. Anim. Behav. 33: 366–372.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hurley, D. E., 1968. Transition from water to land in amphipod crustaceans. Am. Zool. 8: 327–353.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hynes, H. B. N., 1954. The ecology of Gammarus duebeni Lilljeborg and its occurrence in fresh water in western Britain. J. anim. Ecol. 23: 38–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hynes, H. B. N., 1955. The reproductive cycle of some British freshwater Gammaridae. J. anim. Ecol. 24: 352–387.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hynes, H. B. N. & F. Harper, 1971. The life histories of Gammarus lacustris and G. pseudolimnaeus in southern Ontario. Crustaceana Suppl. 3: 329–341.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jenio, F., 1980. The life cycle and ecology of Gammarus troglophilus (Hubricht & Mackin). Crustaceana Suppl. 6: 204–215.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, R. & D. C. Culver, 1989. Evidence for selection on sensory structures in a cave population of Gammarus minus (Amphipoda). Evolution 43: 688–693.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, D. A., N. Peacock & O. F. M. Phillips, 1973. Studies on the migration of Tritaeta gibbosa, a subtidal benthic amphipod. Neth. J. Sea Res. 7: 135–149.

    Google Scholar 

  • Just, J., 1988. Siphonoecetinae (Corophiidae) 6: a survey of phylogeny, distribution, and biology. Crustaceana Suppl. 13: 193–208.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kamihira, Y., 1981. Life history of sand-burrowing amphipod Haustorioides japonicus (Crustacea: Dogielinotidae). Bull. Fac. Fish. Hokkaido Univ. 32: 338–348.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanneworff, E., 1965. Life cycle, food, and growth of the amphipod Ampelisca macrocephala Liljeborg from the Oresund. Ophelia 2: 305–318.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kemp, P. F., F. A. Cole & R. C. Swartz, 1985. Life history and productivity of the phoxocephalid amphipod Rhepoxynius abronius (Barnard). J. Crustacean Biol. 5: 449–464.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kinne, O., 1959. Ecological data on the amphipod Gammarus duebeni. A monograph. Verëff. Inst. Meeresforsch. Bremerh. 6: 177–202.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kostalos, M. S., 1979. Life history and ecology of Gammarus minus Say (Amphipoda. Gammaridae). Crustaceana 37: 113–122.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krishnan, L. & P. A. John, 1974. Observations on the breeding biology of Melita zeylanica Stebbing, a brackish water amphipod. Hydrobiologia 44: 413–430.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lakshmana Rao, M. V. & K. Shyamasundari, 1963. Tube-building habits of the fouling amphipod Corophium triaenonyx Stebbing at Visakhapatnam Harbour. J. zool. Soc. India 15: 133–140.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laubitz, D. R. & G. S. Lewbel, 1974. A new species of caprellid (Crustacea: Amphipoda) associated with gorgonian octocorals. Can. J. Zool. 52: 549–551.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levings, C. D., 1980. The biology and energetics of Eogammarus confervicolus (Stimpson) (Amphipoda, Anisogammaridae) at the Squamish River Estuary, B.C. Can. J. Zool. 58: 1652–1663.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewbel, G. S., 1978. Sexual dimorphism and intraspecific aggression, and their relationship to sex ratios in Caprella gorgonia Laubitz & Lewbel (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Caprellidae). J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol. 33: 133–151.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lim, K. H. & W. D. Williams, 1971. Ecology of Austrochiltonia subtenuis (Sayce) (Amphipoda, Hyalellidae). Crustaceana 20: 19–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lincoln, R. H., 1979. British marine Amphipoda: Gammaridea. British Museum (Natural History). 658 pp.

  • Lowry, J. K., 1986. The callynophore, a eucaridan/peracaridan sensory organ prevalent among the Amphipoda (Crustacea). Zool. Scr. 15: 333–349.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lowry, J. K. & H. E. Stoddart, 1983. The amphipod genus Parawaldeckia in New Zealand waters (Crustacea, Lysianassoidea). J. R. Soc. N.Z. 13: 261–277.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lyes, M. C., 1979. The reproductive behaviour of Gammarus duebeni (Lilljeborg), and the inhibitory effect of a surface agent. Mar. Behav. Physiol. 6: 47–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mattson, S. & T. Cedhagen, 1989. Aspects of the behaviour and ecology of Dyopedos monacanthus (Metzger) and D. porrectus Bate, with comparative notes on Dulichia tuberculata Boeck (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Podoceridae). J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol. 127: 253–272.

    Google Scholar 

  • Menon, P. S., 1966. Population ecology of Gammarus lacustris Sars. Ph. D. thesis, University of Alberta, Canada. 117 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mills, E. L., 1963. The biology of an ampeliscid amphipod crustacean sibling species pair. Ph. D. thesis, Yale University. 160 pp.

  • Mills, E. L., 1967. The biology of an ampeliscid amphipod crustacean sibling species pair. J. Fish Res. Bd. Can. 24: 305–355.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, P. G., 1981. The life histories of the amphipods Lembos websteri Bate and Corophium bonnellii Milne Edwards in kelp holdfasts. J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol. 49: 1–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morino, H., 1978. Studies on the Talitridae (Amphipoda, Crustacea) in Japan. III. Life history and breeding activity of Orchestia platensis Krøyer. Publ. Seto Mar. Biol. Lab. 24: 245–267.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morino, H., 1981. Studies on the Talitridae (Amphipoda, Crustacea) in Japan IV. The development of gnathopod II in Orchestia platensis Krøyer. Publ. Seto Mar. Biol. Lab. 26: 1–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morino, H., 1984. On a new freshwater species of Anisogammaridae (Gammaroidea: Amphipoda) from central Japan. Publ. Itako Hydrobiol. Stn. 1: 17–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Myers, A. A., 1971. Breeding and growth in laboratory-reared Microdeutopus gryllotalpa Costa (Amphipoda: Gammaridea). J. nat. Hist. 5: 271–277.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nagle, J. S., 1968. Distribution of the epibiota of macroepibenthic plants. Contr. mar. Sci. 13: 105–144.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nair, K. K. C. & K. Anger, 1979. Experimental studies on the life cycle of Jassa falcata (Crustacea, Amphipoda). Helgoländer wiss. Meeresunters. 32: 444–452.

    Google Scholar 

  • Naylor, C., J. Adams & P. Greenwood, 1988a. Population dynamics and adaptive sexual strategies in a brackish water crustacean, Gammarus duebeni. J. anim. Ecol. 57: 493–507.

    Google Scholar 

  • Naylor, C., J. Adams & P. Greenwood, 1988b. Variation in sex determination in natural populations of a shrimp. J. evol. Biol. 1: 355–368.

    Google Scholar 

  • Naylor, C. & J. Adams, 1987. Sexual dimorphism, drag constraints and male performance in Gammarus duebeni (Amphipoda). Oikos 48: 23–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Omori, K., M. Tanaka & T. Kikuchi, 1982. Seasonal changes of short-term reproductive cycle in Corophium volutator (Crustacea: Amphipoda). — Semi-lunar or lunar cycle? Publ. Amakusa Mar. Biol. Lab. Kyushu Univ. 6: 105–117.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pinkster, S. & N. W. Broodbakker, 1980. The influence of environmental factors on distribution and reproductive success of Eulimnogammarus obtusatus (Dahl, 1938) and other estuarine gammarids. Crustaceana Suppl. 6: 225–241.

    Google Scholar 

  • Preece, G. S., 1971. The swimming rhythm of Bathyporeia pilosa (Crustacea: Amphipoda). J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K. 51: 777–791.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rees, C. P., 1975. Life cycle of the amphipod Gammarus palustris Bousfield. Estuar. coast. mar. Sci. 3: 413–419.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ridley, M., 1983. The explanation of organic diversity. Clarendon Press, Oxford, England. 272 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, B. W. & R. W. Doyle, 1985. Trade-off between male reproduction (amplexus) and growth in the amphipod Gammarus lawrencianus. Biol. Bull. 168: 482–488.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sainte-Marie, B. & P. Brunel, 1983. Differences in life history and success between suprabenthic shelf populations of Arrhis phyllonyx (Amphipoda Gammaridea) in two ecosystems of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. J. Crustacean Biol. 3: 45–69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sameoto, D. D., 1969. Comparative ecology, life histories, and behaviour of intertidal sand-burrowing amphipods (Crustacea: Haustoriidae) at Cape Cod. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 26: 361–388.

    Google Scholar 

  • Segerstråle, S. G., 1970. Light control of the reproductive cycle of Pontoporeia affinis Lindström (Crustacea Amphipoda). J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol. 5: 272–275.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sexton, E. W., 1924. The moulting and growth-stages of Gammarus with descriptions of the normals and intersexes of Gammarus chevreuxi. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K. 13: 340–401.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sexton, E. W. & A. Matthews, 1913. Notes on the life history of Gammarus chevreuxi. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K. 9: 546–556.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sexton, E. W. & D. M. Reid, 1951. The life-history of the multiform species Jassa falcata (Montagu) (Crustacea Amphipoda), with a review of the bibliography of the species. J. Linn. Soc., Zool. 42: 29–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sexton, E. W. & G. M. Spooner, 1940. An account of Marinogammarus (Schellenberg) gen. nov. (Amphipoda), with a description of a new species, Marinogammarus pirlotti. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K. 24: 633–682.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheader, M., 1977a. Production and population dynamics of Ampelisca tenuicornis (Amphipoda) with notes on the biology of its parasite Sphaeronella longipes (Copepoda). J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K. 57: 955–968.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheader, M., 1977b. Breeding and marsupial development in laboratory-maintained Parathemisto gaudichaudi (Amphipoda). J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K. 57: 943–954.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheader, M., 1978. Distribution and reproductive biology of Corophium insidiosum (Amphipoda) on the north-east coast of England. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K. 58: 585–596.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheader, M., 1983. The reproductive biology and ecology of Gammarus duebeni (Crustacea: Amphipoda) in southern England. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K. 63: 517–540.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheader, M. & F. Chia, 1970. Development, fecundity and brooding behaviour of the amphipod, Marinogammarus obtusatus. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K. 50: 1079–1099.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shillaker, R. O. & P. G. Moore, 1987a. Tube-emergence behaviour in the amphipods Lembos websteri Bate and Corophium bonnellii Milne Edwards. J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol. 111: 231–241.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shillaker, R. O. & P. G. Moore, 1987b. The biology of brooding in the amphipods Lembos websteri Bate and Corophium bonnellii Milne Edwards. J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol. 110: 113–132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skutch, A. F., 1926. On the habits and ecology of the tube-building amphipod Amphithoë rubricata Montagu. Ecology 7: 481–501.

    Google Scholar 

  • Slattery, P. N., 1985. Life histories of infaunal amphipods from subtidal sands of Monterey Bay, California. J. Crustacean Biol. 5: 635–649.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smallwood, M. E., 1905. The salt-marsh Amphipod: Orchestia palustris. Cold Spring Harbor Monographs No. 3.

  • Sprules, W. G., 1967. The life cycle of Crangonyx richmondensis laurentianus Bousfield (Crustacea: Amphipoda). Can. J. Zool. 45: 877–884.

    Google Scholar 

  • Staude, C. P., 1986. Systematics and behavioral ecology of the amphipod genus Paramoera Miers (Gammaridea: Eusiroidea: Pontogeneiidae) in the eastern north Pacific. Ph. D. thesis, University of Washington, Seattle. 324 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steele, D. H., 1973. The biology of Parhyalella pietschmanni Schellenberg, 1938 (Amphipoda, Hyalellidae) at Nosy Bé, Madagascar. Crustaceana 25: 276–280.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steele, D. H. & V. J. Steele, 1969. The biology of Gammarus (Crustacea, Amphipoda) in the northwestern Atlantic. I. Gammarus duebeni Lillj. Can. J. Zool. 47: 235–244.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steele, D. H. & V. J. Steele, 1970a. The biology of Gammarus (Crustacea, Amphipoda) in the northwestern Atlantic. III. Gammarus obtusatus Dahl. Can. J. Zool. 48: 989–995.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steele, D. H. & V. J. Steele, 1970b. The biology of Gammarus (Crustacea, Amphipoda) in the northwestern Atlantic. IV. Gammarus lawrencianus Bousfield. Can. J. Zool. 48: 1261–1267.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steele, D. H. & V. J. Steele, 1972. The biology of Gammarus (Crustacea, Amphipoda) in the northwestern Atlantic. V. Gammarus oceanicus Segerstråle. Can. J. Zool. 50: 801–813.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steele, D. H. & V. J. Steele, 1973. The biology of Gammarus (Crustacea, Amphipoda) in the northwestern Atlantic. VII. The duration of embryonic development in five species at various temperatures. Can. J. Zool. 51: 995–999.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steele, D. H. & V. J. Steele, 1975. The biology of Gammarus (Crustacea, Amphipoda) in the northwestern Atlantic. XI. Comparison and discussion. Can. J. Zool. 53: 1116–1126.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steele, D. H. & V. J. Steele, 1986. The cost of reproduction in the amphipod Gammarus lawrencianus Bousfield, 1956. Crustaceana 51: 176–182.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steele, V. J., D. H. Steele & B. R. MacPherson, 1977. The effect of photoperiod on the reproductive cycle of Gammarus setosus Dementieva, 1931. Crustaceana, suppl. 4: 58–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strong, D. R., Jr., 1972. Life history variation among populations of an amphipod (Hyalella azteca). Ecology 53: 1103–1111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strong, D. R., Jr., 1973. Amphipod amplexus, the significance of ecotypic variation. Ecology 54: 1384–1388.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, D. J. & S. J. Moule, 1983. Substrate selection and assortative mating in Gammarus pulex L. Hydrobiologia 99: 3–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trivers, R. L., 1972. Parental investment and sexual selection. In B. Campbell (ed), Sexual selection and the descent of man. Aldine, Chicago: 136–179.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Dolah, R. F., 1978. Factors regulating the distribution and population dynamics of the amphipod Gammarus palustris in an intertidal salt marsh community. Ecol. Monogr. 48: 191–217.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Senus, P., 1988. Reproduction of the sandhopper, Talorchestia capensis (Dana) (Amphipoda, Talitridae). Crustaceana 55: 93–103.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vlasblom, A. G., 1969. A study of a population of Marinogammarus marinus (Leach) in the Oosterschelde. Neth. J. Sea Res. 4: 317–338.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ward, P. I., 1983. Advantages and a disadvantage of large size for male Gammarus pulex (Crustacea: Amphipoda). Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 14: 69–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ward, P. I., 1984. The effects of size on the mating decision of Gammarus pulex (Crustacea, Amphipoda). Z. Tierpsychol. 64: 174–184.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ward, P. I., 1985. The breeding behaviour of Gammarus duebeni. Hydrobiologia 121: 45–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ward, P. I., 1986. A comparative field study of the breeding behaviour of a stream and a pond population of Gammarus pulex (Amphipoda). Oikos 46: 29–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ward, P. I., 1987. Sexual selection and body size in Gammarus pulex: reply to Greenwood and Adams. Oikos 48: 108–109.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ward, P. I., 1988. Sexual selection, natural selection, and body size in Gammarus pulex (Amphipoda). Am. Nat. 131: 348–359.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ward, P. I., 1989. Mate choice in Gammarus (Amphipoda). J. Zool., Lond. 218: 633–635.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watkin, E. E., 1940. The swimming and burrowing habits of the amphipod Urothoë marina (Bate). Proc. R. Soc. Edinb. 60: 271–280.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watkin, E. E., 1941. The yearly life cycle of the amphipod, Corophium volutator. J. anim. Ecol. 10: 77–93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Welton, J. S. & R. T. Clarke, 1980. Laboratory studies on the reproduction and growth of the amphipod, Gammarus pulex (L.). J. anim. Ecol. 49: 581–592.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilder, J., 1940. The effects of population density upon growth, reproduction, and survival of Hyalella azteca. Physiol. Zool. 13: 439–461.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wildish, D. J., 1979. Reproductive consequences of the terrestrial habit in Orchestia (Crustacea: Amphipoda). Int. J. Invert. Reprod. 1: 9–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wildish, D. J., 1984. Secondary production of four sublittoral, soft-sediment amphipod populations in the Bay of Fundy. Can. J. Zool. 62: 1027–1033.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wildish, D. J. & J. J. Dickinson, 1982. A new species of Haploops (Amphipoda, Ampeliscidae) from the Bay of Fundy. Can. J. Zool. 60: 962–967.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wildish, D. J. & D. Peer, 1981. Methods for estimating secondary production in marine Amphipoda. Can. J. Fish. aquat. Sci. 38: 1019–1026.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, J. A., 1978. The annual pattern of reproduction of Talitrus saltator (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Talitridae). J. Zool., Lond. 184: 231–244.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williamson, D. I., 1951. On the mating and breeding of some semi-terrestrial amphipods. Dove Marine Laboratory Report, Third Series 12: 49–61.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Conlan, K.E. Precopulatory mating behavior and sexual dimorphism in the amphipod Crustacea. Hydrobiologia 223, 255–282 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00047644

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00047644

Key words

Navigation