Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Cell Biology of Extracellular Matrix pp 259–294Cite as

Glycosaminoglycans in Morphogenesis

  • Chapter

Abstract

Formation of a precisely organized, functional tissue or organ is the culmination of a complex series of specific cellular events, usually termed morphogenesis. These events involve several common types of cell behavior, notably movement, proliferation, shape change, recognition, and adhesion. At each stage of morphogenesis of an organ or tissue, the macromolecules present in the extracellular matrix or associated with the external cell surface are important in providing structural support for and environmental signals to the cells involved. These contributions in turn exert a considerable influence on the course of morphogenesis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Atherly, A. G., Barnhart, B. J., and Kraemer, P. M., 1977, Growth and biochemical characteristics of a detachment variant of CHO cells, J. Cell. Physiol. 90:375–386.

    Google Scholar 

  • Banerjee, S. D., and Bernfield, M. R., 1979, Developmentally regulated neutral hyaluronidase activity during epithelial-mesenchyme interaction, J. Cell Biol. 83:469a.

    Google Scholar 

  • Banerjee, S. D., Cohn, R. H., and Bernfield, M. R., 1977, Basal lamina of embryonic salivary epithelia. Production by the epithelium and role in maintaining lobular morphology, J. Cell Biol. 73:445–463.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barnhart, B. J., Cox, S. H., and Kraemer, P. M., 1979, Detachment variants of Chinese hamster cells. Hyaluronic acid as a modulator of cell detachment, Exp. Cell Res. 119:327–332.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baylink, D., Wergedal, J., and Thompson, E., 1972, Loss of proteinpolysaccharides at sites where bone mineralization is initiated, J. Histochem. Cytochem. 20:279–292.

    Google Scholar 

  • Belsky, E., and Toole, B. P., 1981, Hyaluronate regulation in the mesonephros and metanephros of avian embryos, (submitted for publication).

    Google Scholar 

  • Belsky, E., Vasan, N. S., and Lash, J. W., 1980, Extracellular matrix components and somite chondrogenesis. A microscopic analysis, Dev. Biol. 79:159–180.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernanke, D. H., and Markwald, R. R., 1979, Effects of hyaluronic acid on cardiac cushion tissue cells in collagen matrix cultures, Texas Rep. Biol. Med. 39:271–285.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernfield, M. R., 1970, Collagen synthesis during epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, Dev. Biol. 22:213–231.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernfield, M. R., and Banerjee, S. D., 1972, Acid mucopolysaccharide (glycosaminoglycan) at the epithelial-mesenchymal interface of mouse embryo salivary glands, J. Cell Biol. 52:664–673.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernfield, M. R., and Banerjee, S. D., 1978, The basal lamina in epithelial-mesenchymal morphogenetic interactions, in: Biology and Chemistry of Basement Membranes (N. A. Kefalides, ed.), pp. 137–148, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernfield, M. R., Banerjee, S. D., and Cohn, R. H., 1972, Dependence of salivary epithelial morphology and branching morphogenesis upon acid mucopolysaccharide-protein (proteoglycan) at the epithelial surface, J. Cell Biol. 52:674–689.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bertolami, C. N., and Donoff, R. B., 1978, Hyaluronidase activity during open wound healing in rabbits: A preliminary report, J. Surg. Res. 25:256–259.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blumenthal, N. C., Posner, A. S., Silverman, L. D., and Rosenberg, L. C., 1979, Effect of proteoglycans on in vitro hydroxyapatite formation, Calcif. Tissue Intl. 27:75–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buonassisi, V., and Root, M., 1975, Enzymatic degradation of heparin-related mucopolysaccharides from the surface of endothelial cell cultures, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 385:1–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burger, M. M., and Martin, G. S., 1972, Agglutination of cells transformed by Rous sarcoma virus by wheat germ agglutinin and concanavalin A, Nature New Biol. 237:9–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campo, R. D., 1970, Protein polysaccharides of cartilage and bone in health and disease, Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 68:182–209.

    Google Scholar 

  • Castellot, J. J., Addonizio, M. L., Rosenberg, R., and Karnovsky, M. J., 1981, Vascular endothelial cells produce a heparin-like inhibitor of smooth muscle cell growth, J. Cell Biol. 90:372–379.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clarris, B. J., and Fraser, J. R., 1968, On the pericellular zone of some mammalian cells in vitro, Exp. Cell Res. 49:181–193.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clarris, B. J., Fraser, J. R., and Rodda, S. J., 1974, Effect of cell-bound hyaluronic acid on infectivity of Newcastle disease virus for human synovial cells in vitro, Ann. Rheum. Dis. 33:240–242.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohn, R. H., Cassiman, J. J., and Bernfield, M. R., 1976, Relationship of transformation, cell density and growth control to the cellular distribution of newly synthesized glycosaminoglycan, J. Cell Biol. 71:280–294.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohn, R. H., Banerjee, S. D., and Bernfield, M. R., 1977, Basal lamina of embryonic salivary epithelia. Nature of glycosaminoglycan and organization of extracellular materials, J. Cell Biol. 73:464–478.

    Google Scholar 

  • Comper, W. D., and Laurent, T. E., 1978, Physiological function of connective tissue polysaccharides, Physiol. Rev. 58:255–315.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cöster, L., Carlstedt, I., and Malmström, A., 1979, Isolation of 35S-and 3H-labelled proteoglycans from cultures of human embryonic skin fibroblasts, Biochem. J. 183:669–681.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coulombre, A. J., and Coulombre, J. L., 1964, Corneal development. III. The role of the thyroid in dehydration and the development of transparency, Exp. Eye Res. 3:105–114.

    Google Scholar 

  • Culp, L. A., 1976, Molecular composition and origin of substrate-attached material from normal and virus-transformed cells, J. Supramol. Struct. 5:239–255.

    Google Scholar 

  • Culp, L. A., Murray, B. A., and Rollins, B. J., 1979, Fibronectin and proteoglycans as determinants of cell-substratum adhesion, J. Supramol. Struct. 11:401–427.

    Google Scholar 

  • Derby, M. A., 1978, Analysis of glycosaminoglycans within the extracellular environment encountered by migrating neural crest cells, Dev. Biol. 66:321–336.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ebendal, T., 1977, Extracellular matrix fibrils and cell contacts in the chick embryo. Possible roles in orientation of cell migration and axon extension, Cell Tissue Res. 175:439–458.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eisenstein, R., Larson, S., Sorgente, N., and Kuettner, K. E., 1973, Collagen—proteoglycan relationship in epiphyseal cartilage, Am. J. Pathol. 73:443–452.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fessier, J., 1960, A structural function of mucopolysaccharide in connective tissue, Biochem. J. 76:124–132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, M., and Solursh, M., 1977, Glycosaminoglycan localization and role in maintenance of tissue spaces in the early chick embryo, J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 42:195–207.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, M., and Solursh, M., 1979, The influence of the substratum on mesenchyme spreading in vitro, Exp. Cell Res. 123:1–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fraser, J. R., and Clarris, B. J., 1970, On the reactions of human synovial cells exposed to homologous leucocytes in vitro, Clin. Exp. Immunol. 6:211–225.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gillard, G. C., Merrilees, M. J., Bell-Booth, P. G., Reilly, H. D., and Flint, M. H., 1977, The proteoglycan content and axial periodicity of collagen in tendon, Biochem. J. 163:145–151.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goetinck, P. F., Pennypacker, J. P., and Royal, P. D., 1974, Proteochondroitin sulfate synthesis and chondrogenic expression, Exp, Cell Res. 87:241–248.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, J. R., and Bernfield, M. R., 1980, The basal lamina of the postnatal mammary epithelium contains glycosaminoglycans in a precise ultrastructural organization, Dev. Biol. 74:118–135.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grobstein, C., 1967, Mechanisms of organogenetic tissue interaction, Natl. Cancer Inst. Monogr. 26:279–299.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guyton, J. R., Rosenberg, R. D., Clowes, A. W., and Karnovsky, M. J., 1980, Inhibition of rat arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation by heparin. In vivo studies with anticoagulant and non-anticoagulant heparin, Circ. Res. 46:625–634.

    Google Scholar 

  • Handley, C., and Lowther, D. A., 1976, Inhibition of proteoglycan biosynthesis by hyaluronic acid in chondrocytes in cell culture, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 444:69–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hart, G. W., 1978, Biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans by the separated tissues of the embryonic chick cornea, Dev. Biol. 62:78–98.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hassell, J. R., Newsome, D. A., and Hascall, V. C., 1979, Characterization and biosynthesis of proteoglycans of corneal stroma from rhesus monkey, J. Biol. Chem. 254:12346–12354.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hay, E. D., 1966, Embryonic origin of tissues, in: Histology (R. O. Greep, ed.), pp. 56–73, McGraw-Hill, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hay, E. D., 1978, Fine structure of embryonic matrices and their relation to the cell surface in ruthenium red-fixed tissues, Growth 42:399–423.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hay, E. D., 1980, Development of the vertebrate cornea, Int. Rev. Cytol. 63:263–322.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hay, E. D., and Dodson, J. W., 1973, Secretion of collagen by corneal epithelium. I. Morphology of the collagenous products produced by isolated epithelium grown on frozen-killed lens, J. Cell Biol 57:190–213.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hay, E. D., and Meier, S., 1974, Glycosaminoglycan synthesis by embryonic inductors: Neural tube, notochord, and lens, J. Cell Biol. 62:889–898.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hay, E. D., and Revel, J.-P., 1969, Fine structure of the developing avian cornea, in: Monographs in Developmental Biology, Vol. 1. (A. Wolsky and P. S. Chen, eds.), Karger, Basel.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hopwood, J. J., and Dorfman, A., 1977, Glycosaminoglycan synthesis by cultured human skin fibroblasts after transformation with simian virus 40, J. Biol. Chem. 252:4777–4785.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howell, D., and Pita, J., 1976, Calcification of growth plate cartilage with special reference to studies on micropuncture fluids, Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 118:208–229.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iwata, H., and Urist, M. R., 1973, Hyaluronic acid production and removal during bone morphogenesis in implants of bone matrix in rats, Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 90:236–245.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johansson, S., and Höök, M., 1980, Heparin enhances the rate of binding of fibronectin to collagen, Biochem. J. 187:521–524.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnston, M. C., Noden, D. M., Hazelton, R. D., Coulombre, J. L., and Coulombre, A. J., 1979, Origins of avian ocular and periocular tissues, Exp. Eye Res. 29:27–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kallman, F., and Grobstein, C., 1965, Source of collagen at epitheliomesenchymal interfaces during inductiveinteraction, Dev. Biol. 11:169–183.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kallman, F., and Grobstein, C., 1966, Localization of glucosamine-incorporating materials at epithelial surfaces during salivary epithelio-mesenchymal interaction in vitro, Dev. Biol. 14:52–67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanwar, Y. S., and Farquhar, M. G., 1979, Presence of heparan sulfate in the glomerular basement membrane, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76:1303–1307.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khoory, M. S., Nesheim, M. E., Bowie, E. J., and Mann, K. G., 1980, Circulating heparan sulfate proteoglycan anticoagulant from a patient with a plasma cell disorder, J. Clin. Invest. 65:666–674.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kjellen, L., Oldberg, A., Rubin, K., and Höök, M., 1977, Binding of heparin and heparan sulfate to rat liver cells, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 74:126–133.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kjellen, L., Oldberg, A., and Höök, M., 1980, Cell surface heparan sulfate. Mechanisms of proteoglycan-cell association, J. Biol. Chem. 255:10407–10413.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kjellen, L., Pettersson, I., and Höök, M., 1981, Cell surface heparan sulfate. An intercalated membrane proteoglycan, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kleinman, H. K., Hewitt, A. T., Murray, J. C., Liotta, L. A., Rennard, S. I., Pennypacker, J. P., McGoodwin, E. B., Martin, G. R., and Fishman, P. H., 1979, Cellular and metabolic specificty in the interaction of adhesion proteins with collagen and with cells, J. Supramol. Struct. 11:69–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kosher, R. A., and Church, R. L., 1975, Stimulation of in vitro somite chondrogenesis by procollagen and collagen, Nature (London) 258:327–330.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kosher, R., and Lash, J., 1975, Notochordal stimulation of in vitro somite chondrogenesis before and after enzymatic removal of perinotochordal material, Dev. Biol. 42:362–378.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kosher, R. A., Lash, J. W., and Minor, R. R., 1973, Environmental enhancement of in vitro chondrogenesis. IV. Stimulation of somite chondrogenesis by exogenous chondromucoprotein, Dev. Biol. 35:210–220.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kraemer, P. M., 1971a, Heparan sulfates of cultured cells. I. Membrane-associated and cell-sap species in Chinese hamster cells, Biochemistry 10:1437–1445.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kraemer, P. M., 1971b, Heparan sulfates of cultured cells. II. Acid-soluble and precipitable species of different cell lines, Biochemistry 10:1445–1451.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kraemer, P. M., 1977, Heparin releases heparan sulfate from the cell surface, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 78:1334–1340.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kraemer, P. M., 1979, Mucopolysaccharides: Cell biology and malignancy, in: Surfaces of Normal and Malignant Cells (R. O. Hynes, ed.), pp. 149–198, Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kraemer, P. M., and Barnhart, B. J., 1978, Elevated cell surface hyaluronate in substrate-attached cells, Exp. Cell Res. 114:153–157.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kraemer, P. M., and Smith, D. A., 1974, High molecular weight heparan sulfate from the cell surface, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 56:423–430.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kraemer, P. M., and Tobey, R. A., 1972, Cell-cycle dependent desquamation of heparan sulfatefrom the cell surface, J. Cell Biol. 55:713–717.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kvist, T. N., and Finnegan, C. V., 1970a, The distribution of glycosaminoglycans in the axial region of the developing chick embryo. I. Histochemical analysis, J. Exp. Zool. 175:221–240.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kvist, T. N., and Finnegan, C. V., 1970b, The distribution of glycosaminoglycans in the axial region of the developing chick embryo. II. Biochemical analysis, J. Exp. Zool. 175:241–258.

    Google Scholar 

  • Larsson, S., Ray, R., and Kuettner, K., 1973, Microchemical studies on acid glycosaminoglycans of the epiphyseal zones during endochondral calcification, Calcif. Tissue Res. 13:271–285.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laurent, T. C., 1966, In vitro studies on the transport of macromolecules through the connective tissue, Fed. Proc. 25:1128–1134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lembach, K. J., 1976, Enhanced synthesis and extracellular accumulation of hyaluronic acid during stimulation of quiescent human fibroblasts by mouse epidermal growth factor, J. Cell. Physiol. 89:277–288.

    Google Scholar 

  • Letourneau, P. C., Ray, P. N., and Bernfield, M. R., 1980, The regulation of cell behavior by cell adhesion, in: Biological Regulation and Development, Vol. 2 (R. Goldberger, ed.), pp. 339–376, Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levitt, D., and Dorfman, A., 1974, Concepts and mechanisms of cartilage differentiation, in: Current Topics in Developmental Biology, Vol. 8 (A. Moscona, ed.), pp. 103–149, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindahl, U., Höök, M., Backström, G., Jacobson, I., Riesenfeld, J., Malmström, A., Rodén, L., and Feingold, D. S., 1977, Structure and biosynthesis of heparin-like polysaccharides, Fed. Proc. 36:19–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linsenmayer, T. F., Toole, B. P., and Trelstad, R. L., 1973, Temporal and spatial transitions in collagen types during embryonic chick limb development, Dev. Biol. 35:232–239.

    Google Scholar 

  • Löfberg, J., and Ahlfors, K., 1978, Extracellular matrix organization and early neural crest cell migration in the axolotl embryo, Zoon 6:87–101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lohmander, S., and Hjerpe, A., 1975, Proteoglycans of mineralizing rib and epiphyseal cartilage, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 404:93–109.

    Google Scholar 

  • Love, S. H., Shannon, B. T., Myrvik, Q. N., and Lynn, W. S., 1979, Characterization of macrophage agglutinating factor as a hyaluronic acid-protein complex, J. Reticuloendothelial Soc. 25:269–282.

    Google Scholar 

  • McBride, W. H., and Bard, J. B., 1979, Hyaluronidase-sensitive halos around adherent cells. Their role in blocking lymphocyte-mediated cytolysis, J. Exp. Med. 149:507–515.

    Google Scholar 

  • Markwald, R. R., Fitzharris, T. P., Bank, H., and Bernanke, D. H., 1978, Structural analysis on the matrical organization of glycosaminoglycans in developing endocardial cushions, Dev. Biol. 62:292–316.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mathews, M. B., 1965, The interaction of collagen and acid mucopolysaccharides. A model for connective tissue, Biochem. J. 96:710–716.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matukas, V., Panner, B., and Orbison, J., 1967, Studies on ultrastructural identification and distribution of protein polysaccharides in cartilage matrix, J. Cell Biol. 32:365–377.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maurer, P. H., and Hudack, S. S., 1952, Isolation of hyaluronic acid from callus tissue during early healing, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 38:49–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mayer, B. W., Hay, E. D., and Hynes, R. O., 1981, Immunocytochemical localization of fibronectin in embryonic chick trunk and area vasculosa, Dev. Biol., 82:267–286.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meier, S., and Hay, E. D., 1973, Synthesis of sulfated glycosaminoglycans by embryonic corneal epithelium, Dev. Biol. 35:318–331.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meier, S., and Hay, E., 1974a, Control of corneal differentiation by extracellular materials. Collagen as a promoter and stabilizer of epithelial stroma production, Dev. Biol. 38:249–270.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meier, S., and Hay, E. D., 1974b, Stimulation of extracellular matrix synthesis in the developing cornea by glycosaminoglycans, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 71:2310–2313.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mikuni-Takagaki, Y., and Toole, B. P., 1979, Shedding of hyaluronate from the cell surface of Rous sarcoma virus-transformed chondrocytes, J. Biol. Chem. 254:8409–8415.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mikuni-Takagaki, Y., and Toole, B. P., 1980, Cell-substratum attachment and cell surfacehyaluronate of Rous sarcoma virus-transformed chondrocytes, J. Cell Biol. 85:481–488.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mikuni-Takagaki, Y., and Toole, B. P., 1981, Hyaluronate-protein complex of Rous sarcoma virus-transformed chick embryo fibroblasts, J. Biol. Chem. 256:8463–8469.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morris, E. R., Rees, D. A., and Welsh, E. J., 1980, Conformation and dynamic interactions in hyaluronate solutions, J. Mol. Biol. 138:383–400.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morriss, G. M., and Solursh, M., 1978, Regional differences in mesenchymal cell morphology and glycosaminoglycans in early neural-fold stage rat embryos, J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 40:37–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moscatelli, D., and Rubin, H., 1975, Increased hyaluronic acid production on stimulation of DNA synthesis in chick embryo fibroblasts, Nature (London) 254:65–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mutoh, S., Funakoshi, I., Ui, N., and Yamashina, I., 1980, Structural characterization of proteoheparan sulfate isolated from plasma membranes of an ascites hepatoma AH66, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 202:137–143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakamura, A., and Manasek, F. J., 1978, Experimental studies of the shape and structure of isolated cardiac jelly, J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 43:167–183.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nevo, Z., and Dorfman, A., 1972, Stimulation of chondromucoprotein synthesis in chondrocytes by extracellular chondromucoprotein, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 69:2069–2072.

    Google Scholar 

  • Newsome, D. A., Linsenmayer, T. F., and Trelstad, R. L., 1976, Vitreous body collagen: Evidence for a dual origin from the neural retina and hyalocytes, J. Cell Biol. 71:59–67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Noden, D. M., 1978, Interactions directing the migration and cytodifferentiation of avian neural crest cells, in: Specificity of Embryological Interaction: Receptors and Recognition, Series B, Vol. 4 (D. R. Garrod, ed.), pp. 5–49, Chapman & Hall, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Norling, B., Glimelius, B., Westermark, B., and Wasteson, A., 1978, A chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan from human cultured glial cells aggregates with hyaluronic acid, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 84:914–921.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ogston, A. G., 1966, On water binding, Fed. Proc. 25:986–989.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oldberg, A., Kjellen, L., and Höök, M., 1979, Cell surface heparan sulfate. Isolation and characterization of a proteoglycan from rat liver membranes, J. Biol. Chem. 254:8505–8510.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orkin, R. W., and Toole, B. P., 1980a, Isolation and characterization of hyaluronidase from cultures of chick embryo skin-and muscle-derived fibroblasts, J. Biol. Chem. 255:1036–1042.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orkin, R. W., and Toole, B. P., 1980b, Chick embryo fibroblasts produce two forms of hyaluronidase, J. Cell Biol. 85:248–257.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orkin, R. W., Underhill, C. B., and Toole, B. P., 1981, Hyaluronate degradation in 3T3 and simian virus-transformed 3T3 cells, submitted for publication.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozanics, V., Rayborn, M., and Sagun, D., 1977, Observations on the morphology of the developing primate cornea: Epithelium, its innervation and anterior stroma, J. Morphol. 153:263–297.

    Google Scholar 

  • Patterson, R. L., Peterson, D. A., Dienhart, F., and Howard, F., 1975, Rubella and rheumatoid arthritis: Hyaluronic acid and susceptibility of cultured rheumatoid synovial cells to viruses, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 149:594–598.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pessac, B., and Defendi, V., 1972, Cell aggregation: role of acid mucopolysaccharides, Science 175:898–900.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pintar, J. E., 1978, Distribution and synthesis of glycosaminoglycans during quail neural crest morphogenesis, Dev. Biol. 67:444–464.

    Google Scholar 

  • Poole, A. R., Pidoux, I., Reiner, A., Tang, L. H., Choi, H., and Rosenberg, L., 1980, Localization of proteoglycan monomer and link protein in the matrix of bovine articular cartilage. An immu-noshistochemical study, J. Histochem. Cytochem. 28:621–635.

    Google Scholar 

  • Poole, A. R., Pidoux, I., and Rosenberg, L., 1981, The role of proteoglycans in endochondrial ossification. Immunofluorescent localization of link protein and proteoglycan monomer in bovine fetal epiphyseal growth plate, J. Cell Biol. (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pratt, R. M., Goggins, J. F., Wilk, A. L., and King, C. T., 1973, Acid mucopolysaccharide synthesis in the secondary palate of the developing rat at the time of rotation and fusion, Dev. Biol. 32:230–237.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pratt, R. M., Larsen, M. A., and Johnston, M. C., 1975, Migration of cranial neural crest cells in a cell-free hyaluronate-rich matrix, Dev. Biol. 44:298–305.

    Google Scholar 

  • Radhakrishnamurthy, B., Smart, F., Dalferes, E. R., and Berenson, G. S., 1980, Isolation and characterization of proteoglycans from bovine lung, J. Biol. Chem. 255:7575–7582.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reid, T., and Flint, M. H., 1974, Change in glycosaminoglycan content of healing rabbit tendon, J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 31:489–495.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rienits, K. G., 1960, The acid mucopolysaccharides of the sexual skin of apes and monkeys, Biochem. J. 74:27–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rollins, B. J., and Culp, L. A., 1979, Glycosaminoglycans in the substrate adhesion sites of normal and virus-transformed murine cells, Biochemistry 18:141–148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Searls, R. L., 1973, Newer knowledge of chondrogenesis, Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 96:327–344.

    Google Scholar 

  • Searls, R. L., and Janners, M. Y., 1969, The stabilization of cartilage properties in the cartilage-forming mesenchyme of the embryonic chick limb, J. Exp. Zool. 170:365–376.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, G. N., and Newsome, D. A., 1978, The nature and origin of the glycosaminoglycans of the embyonic chick vitreous body, Dev. Biol. 62:65–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, G. N., Toole, B. P., and Gross, J., 1975, Hyaluronidase activity and glycosaminoglycan synthesis in the amputated newt limb. Comparison of denervating, non-regenerating limbs with regenerates, Dev. Biol. 42:221–232.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solursh, M., and Morriss, G. M., 1977, Glycosaminoglycan synthesis in rat embryos during the formation of the primary mesenchyme and neural folds, Dev. Biol. 57:75–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solursh, M., Vaerewyck, S. A., and Reiter, R. S., 1974, Depression by hyaluronic acid of glycosaminoglycan synthesis by cultured chick embryo chondrocytes, Dev. Biol. 41:233–244.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solursh, M., Fisher, M., and Singley, C. T., 1979a, The synthesis of hyaluronic acid by ectoderm during early organogenesis in the chick embryo, Differentiation 14:77–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solursh, M., Fisher, M., Meier, S., and Singley, C. T., 1979b, The role of extracellular matrix in the formation of the sclerotome, J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 54:75–98.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solursh, M., Hardingham, T. E., Hascall, V. C., and Kimura, J. H., 1980, Separate effects of exogenous hyaluronic acid on proteoglycan synthesis and deposition in pericellular matrix by cultured chick embryo limb chondrocytes, Dev. Biol. 75:121–129.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sugrue, S. P., 1979, A histochemical study of the glycosaminoglycan composition of the developing forelimb of the rat subsequent to a teratogenic dose of hydroxyurea, Anat. Rec. 193:698a.

    Google Scholar 

  • Szirmai, J. A., 1966, Effect of steroid hormones on the glycosaminoglycans of target connective tissue, in: The Amino Sugars, Vol. 2B (R. W. Jeanloz and E. A. Balazs, eds.), pp. 129–154, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tomida, M., Koyama, H., and Ono, T., 1974, Hyaluronic acid synthetase in cultured mammalian cells producing hyaluronic acid. Oscillatory change during the growth phase and suppression by 5-bromodeoxyuridine, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 338:352–363.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tomida, M., Koyama, H., and Ono, T., 1975, Induction of hyaluronic acid synthetase activity in rat fibroblasts by medium change of confluent cultures, J. Cell. Physiol. 86:121–130.

    Google Scholar 

  • Toole, B. P., 1972, Hyaluronate turnover during chondrogenesis in the developing chick limb and axial skeleton, Dev. Biol. 29:321–329.

    Google Scholar 

  • Toole, B. P., 1973, Hyaluronate and hyaluronidase in morphogenesis and differentiation, Am. Zool. 13:1061–1065.

    Google Scholar 

  • Toole, B. P., 1976a, Morphogenetic role of glycosaminoglycans in brain and other tissues, in: Neuronal Recognition (S. H. Barondes, ed.), pp. 275–329, Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Toole, B. P., 1976b, Binding and precipitation of soluble collagens by chick embryo cartilage proteoglycan, J. Biol. Chem. 251:895–897.

    Google Scholar 

  • Toole, B. P., and Gross, J., 1971, The extracellular matrix of the regenerating newt limb: Synthesis and removal of hyaluronate prior to differentiation, Dev. Biol. 25:57–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Toole, B. P., and Trelstad, R. L., 1971, Hyaluronate production and removal during corneal development in the chick, Dev. Biol. 26:28–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Toole, B. P., Okayama, M., Orkin, R. W., Yoshimura, M., Muto, M., and Kaji, A., 1977, Developmental roles of hyaluronate and chondroitin sulfate-proteoglycans, in: Cell and Tissue Interactions (J. Lash and M. Burger, eds.), pp. 139–154, Raven Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Toole, B. P., Biswas, C., and Gross, J., 1979, Hyaluronate and invasiveness of the rabbit V2 carcinoma, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76:6299–6303.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trelstad, R. L., Hayashi, K., and Toole, B. P., 1974, Epithelial collagens and glycosaminoglycans in the embryonic cornea. Macromolecular order and morphogenesis in the basement membranes, J. Cell Biol. 62:815–830.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turley, E. A., and Roth, S., 1979, Spontaneous glycosylation of glycosaminoglycan substrates by adherent fibroblasts, Cell 17:109–115.

    Google Scholar 

  • Underhill, C., 1981, Characteristics of the hyaluronate-dependent aggregation of simian virus-transformed 3T3 cells, submitted for publication.

    Google Scholar 

  • Underhill, C. B., and Dorfman, A., 1978, The role of hyaluronic acid in intercellular adhesion of cultured mouse cells, Exp. Cell Res. 117:155–164.

    Google Scholar 

  • Underhill, C. B., and Keller, J. M., 1976, Density-dependent changes in the amount of sulfated glycosaminoglycans associated with mouse 3T3 cells, J. Cell. Physiol. 89:53–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Underhill, C. B., and Toole, B. P., 1979, Binding of hyaluronate to the surface of cultured cells, J. Cell Biol. 82:475–484.

    Google Scholar 

  • Underhill, C. B., and Toole, B. P., 1980, Physical characteristics of hyaluronate binding to simian virus-transformed 3T3 cells, J. Biol. Chem. 255:4544–4549.

    Google Scholar 

  • Underhill, C. B., and Toole, B. P., 1981a, Receptors for hyaluronate on the surfaces of parent and virus-transformed cell lines. Binding and aggregation studies, Exp. Cell Res., 131:419–423.

    Google Scholar 

  • Underhill, C. B., and Toole, B. P., 1981b, Transformation-dependent loss of the hyaluronate-containing coats of cultured cells, J. Cell. Physiol (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • von der Mark, K., von der Mark, H., Timpl, R., and Trelstad, R. L., 1977, Immunofluorescent localization of collagen type I, II and II in the embryonic chick eye, Dev. Biol. 59:75–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wasteson, A., Estermark, B., Lindahl, U., and Ponten, J., 1973, Aggregation of feline lymphoma cells by hyaluronic acid, Int. J. Cancer 12:169–178.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wessels, N. K., and Cohen, J. H., 1968, Effectsof collagenase on developing epithelia in vitro: Lung, ureteric bud and pancreas, Dev. Biol. 18:294–309.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiebkin, O. W., and Muir, H., 1973, The inhibition of sulphate incorporation in isolated adult chondrocytes by hyaluronic acid, FEBS Lett 37:42–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilk, A. L., King, C. T., and Pratt, R. M., 1978, Chlorcyclizine induction of cleft palate in the rat: Degradation of palatal glycosaminoglycans, Teratology 18:199–210.

    Google Scholar 

  • Winter, W. T., and Arnott, S., 1977, Hyaluronic acid: The role of divalent cations in conformation and packing, J. Mol. Biol. 117:761–784.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yamada, K., Kennedy, D. W., Kimata, K., and Pratt, R. M., 1980, Characterization of fibronectin interactions with glycosaminoglycans and identification of active proteolytic fragments, J. Biol. Chem. 255:6055–6063.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zwilling, E., 1968, Morphogenetic phases in development, Dev. Biol. Suppl. 2:184–207.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA

    Bryan P. Toole

Authors
  1. Bryan P. Toole
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA

    Elizabeth D. Hay

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1981 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Toole, B.P. (1981). Glycosaminoglycans in Morphogenesis. In: Hay, E.D. (eds) Cell Biology of Extracellular Matrix. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0881-2_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0881-2_10

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-8226-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-0881-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation