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Anthropoid Origins: A Phylogenetic Analysis

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Anthropoid Origins

Part of the book series: Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects ((DIPR))

Abstract

Living Anthropoidea—the group that includes monkeys, apes, and humans—has long been recognized as a monophyletic group among primates diagnosed by a suite of features of the skull, dentition, and postcranium. Likewise it is agreed that there are two monophyletic groups of living anthropoids—the Central and South American Platyrrhini (New World monkeys) and African and Eurasian Catarrhini (Old World monkeys, “apes,” and humans). As well, most paleontologists and neontologists agree that Tarsius is the closest living relative of anthropoids and that strepsirrhines, lemurs and lorises, are more distantly related (but see Eizirik et al., this volume for a different view). Paleontologists also generally accept the following “facts”:

  • The oldest Tarsius relatives occur in the Asian middle Eocene.

  • The oldest undisputed fossil record of anthropoids is from the late Eocene localities in Afro-Arabia.

  • Platyrrhines first appear in the late Oligocene in South America and the catarrhine record is acknowledged by all to include Propliopithecidae from the early Oligocene of Egypt and Oman.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Anthropology and Anatomy, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, 27710, USA

    Richard F. Kay & Blythe A. Williams

  2. Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, 484-8506, Japan

    Masanaru Takai & Nobuo Shigehara

  3. Department of Anatomical Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA

    Callum F. Ross

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  1. Richard F. Kay
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  2. Blythe A. Williams
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  3. Callum F. Ross
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  4. Masanaru Takai
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  5. Nobuo Shigehara
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomical Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA

    Callum F. Ross

  2. Biological Anthropology and Anatomy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA

    Richard F. Kay

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Kay, R.F., Williams, B.A., Ross, C.F., Takai, M., Shigehara, N. (2004). Anthropoid Origins: A Phylogenetic Analysis. In: Ross, C.F., Kay, R.F. (eds) Anthropoid Origins. Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8873-7_5

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