Abstract
There has been increasing interest in the application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in regenerative medicine in recent years. In this context, the beneficial effects of MSCs have been ascribed mainly to a paracrine action rather than to direct replacement of the injured tissue. Indeed, MSCs produce a great variety of trophic and immunomodulatory factors. In this chapter, we provide an overview of growth factors and chemokines involved in stimulation of cell proliferation, inhibition of apoptosis, enhancement of angiogenesis, and suppression of inflammatory and immune response. In addition, we discuss the emerging role of the extracellular vesicles released from MSCs as possible paracrine mediators.
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Abbreviations
- AKI:
-
Acute kidney injury
- Akt-MSCs:
-
Mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing the Akt gene
- ALI:
-
Acute lung injury
- Ang-1:
-
Angiopoietin-1
- bFGF:
-
Basic fibroblast growth factor
- CM:
-
Conditioned medium
- HGF:
-
Hepatocyte growth factor
- IDO:
-
Indoleamine 2,3-deoxygenase
- IGF-1:
-
Insulin-like growth factor 1
- IL-6:
-
Interleukin-6
- KGF:
-
Keratinocyte growth factor
- mRNA:
-
Messenger RNA
- MSC:
-
Mesenchymal stem cell
- MV:
-
Microvesicle
- NK:
-
Natural killer
- PGE2:
-
Prostaglandin E2
- siRNA:
-
Small interfering RNA
- TGF-β:
-
Transforming growth factor β
- Treg :
-
Regulatory T cells
- VEGF:
-
Vascular endothelial growth factor
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Bruno, S., Collino, F., Tetta, C., Camussi, G. (2012). Dissecting Paracrine Effectors for Mesenchymal Stem Cells. In: Weyand, B., Dominici, M., Hass, R., Jacobs, R., Kasper, C. (eds) Mesenchymal Stem Cells - Basics and Clinical Application I. Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology, vol 129. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/10_2012_149
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