Skip to main content

Evolution of the Mammalian Reproductive Tract and Placentation

  • Chapter
Immunology of Pregnancy

Part of the book series: Medical Intelligence Unit ((MIUN))

Abstract

Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the internalization of reproduction and the development of hemochorial placentation have been accompanied by conservation of primitive genitourinary genes. The products include the renin-angiotensin system and the innate immune system. This explains what might otherwise be considered an ectopic presence of these systems in the mammalian reproductive tract and the interaction of the allograft embryo and maternal host.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Maston GA, Ruvolo M. Chorionic gonadotropin has a recent origin within primates and an evolutionary history of selection. Mol Biol Evol 2002; 19(3):320–335.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Rebar R, Perlman D, Naftolin F et al. The estimation of pituitary luteinizing hormone secretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1973; 37:917–27.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Moore, Keith L. The developing human. WB Saunders 1973; 207–217.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Rosenberg K, Trevathan W. Birth, obstetrics and human evolution BJOG 2002; 109:1199–1206.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Lavy G et al. Introduction to vertebrate reproductive endocrinology. Vertebrate endocrinology: Fundamentals and biomedical implications. Academic Press, Inc. 1991:1–22.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Pancer Z et al. Origins of immunity: Transcription factors and homologues of eefector genes of the vertebrate immune system expressed in sea urchin coelomocytes. Immunogenetics 1999; 49(9):773–86.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Matsunaga T, Rahman A. In search of the origin of the thymus: The thymus and GALT may be evolutionary related. Scand J Immunol 2001; 53:1–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Ottavani E et al. The neuro-immunological interface in an evolutionary perspective: The dynamic relationship between effector and recognition systems. Front Biosci 1998; 3:431–5.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Coutinho Elsimar M. Is menstruation obsolete? / by Elsimar M. Coutinho with Sheldon J. Segal. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Speroff L et al. Clinical gynecologic endocrinology and infertility. Lippincott Williams and Williams 1999; 231–5.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Sugino N et al. Withdrawl of ovarian steroids stimulates prostaglandin F2α production through nuclear factor-kB activation via oxygen radicals in human endometrial stromal cells: Potential relevance to menstruation. J Reprod Develop 2004; 50:215–225.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Berkkanoglu M et al. regulation of Fas ligand expression by vascular endothelial growth factor in endometrial stromal cells in vitro. Mol Hum Reprod 2004; 10:393–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Chaouat G, Ledee-Bataille N, Zourbas S et al. Cytokines, implantation and early abortion: Reexamining the Th1/Th2 paradigm leads to question the single pathway, single therapy concept. Am J Reprod Immunol 2003; 50:177–86. Review.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Bischof P, Meisser A, Campana A. Control of MMP-9 expression at the maternal-fetal interface. J Reprod Immunol 2002; 55:3–10.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Xu G, Guimond M-J, Chakraborty C et al. Control of proliferation, migration and invasiveness of human extravillous trophoblast by decorin, a decidual product. Biol Reprod 2002; 67:681–89.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Kruse A, Martens N, Fernekorn U et al. Alterations in the expression of homing-associated molecules at the maternal/fetal interface during the course of pregnancy. Biol Reprod 2002; 66:333–45.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Korgun ET et al. Expression of insulin, insulin-like froth factor-1 and glucocorticoid receptor in rat uterus and embryo during decidualization, implantation and organogenesis. Reproduction 2003; 125:75–84.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Cross JC et al. Genes, development and evolution of the placenta. Placenta 2003; 24:123–130.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Enders AC. What can comparative studies of placental structure tell us? A review. Placenta 2004; 25(Suppl A):S3–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Carter AM. Evolution of the placenta and fetal membranes seen in the light of molecular phylogenetics. Placenta 2001; 22:800–807.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Rockwell CI et al. Human physiological adaptation to pregnancy: Inter and intraspecific perspectives. Am J Hum Biol 2003; 15:330–341.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Hobbs NK. Removing the vertebrate specific TBP N terminus disrupts placental beta2m-dependent interactions with the maternal immune system. Cell 2002; 110:43–54.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. McDade TW, Worthman CM. Evolutionary process and the ecology of human immune function. Amer J Human Biology 1999; 11:705–717.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Bainbridge DR. Evolution of mammalian pregnancy in the presence of the maternal immune system. Reviews of Reproduction 2000; 5:67–74.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Arnaiz-Villena A et al. Evolution of MHC-G in primates: A different kind of molecule for each group of species. J Reprod Immun 1999; 43:111–125.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Brami CJ et al. HLA-DR antigen on human trophoblast. A J Rep Immun 1983; 3:165–174.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Song J, Sapi E, Brown WD et al. Mammary gland remodeling: Expression and role of the Fas/Fas ligand system during pregnancy, lactation and involution. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2000. Editorial.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Vernersson M et al. Evidence for an early appearance of modern post-switch immunoglobulin isotypes in mammalian evolution (II). Eur J Immunol 2002; 32:2145–2155.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Naftolin F, Lavy G, Palumbo A et al. The appropriation and retention of archtypical systems for reproduction. Gynecol Endocrinol 1988; 2:265–273.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2006 Eurekah.com and Springer Science+Business Media

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Richman, S., Naftolin, F. (2006). Evolution of the Mammalian Reproductive Tract and Placentation. In: Mor, G. (eds) Immunology of Pregnancy. Medical Intelligence Unit. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-34944-8_1

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics