Regular ArticleWithin-Host Interactions ofLymantria dispar(Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) Nucleopolyhedrosis Virus andEntomophaga maimaiga(Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales)☆
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Within-host interactions of Metarhizium rileyi strains and nucleopolyhedroviruses in Spodoptera frugiperda and Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
2019, Journal of Invertebrate PathologyCitation Excerpt :Interactions between viruses and entomopathogenic fungi have also been reported in the past (Ferron and Hurpin, 1974; Lecuona and Alves, 1988; Malakar et al., 1999), but limited to just a few hosts and pathogen species. For instance, co-infections were already reported in Lymantria dispar larvae simultaneously treated with a NPV and Entomophaga maimaiga (Malakar et al., 1999), and in Melolontha melolontha larvae exposed to an entomopoxvirus and a species of the genus Beauveria (Ferron and Hurpin, 1974). In the latter, the combined use of entomopathogens increased the susceptibility of virus-infected larvae to the fungus.
Bacillus thuringiensis impacts on primary and secondary baculovirus transmission dynamics in Lepidoptera
2015, Journal of Invertebrate PathologyCitation Excerpt :It has been shown for example that activation of the immune system in insects which have been sequentially exposed to two or more parasites produces stronger effects than that noted in simultaneous exposures (Lowenberger et al., 1999; Thomas et al., 2003). There is evidence, albeit limited, that biocontrol may be improved when entomopathogens are applied sequentially compared to simultaneously as recorded for entomopathogenic bacteria (McVay et al., 1977; Young et al., 1980), entomopathogenic fungi (Malakar et al., 1999; Thomas et al., 2003), microsporidia (Cossentine and Lewis, 1984) and with other baculoviruses (Tanada et al., 1973). This was not the case in our study, suggesting that for this particular baculovirus-Btk combination against the host M. brassicae, a lag in inoculation time of up to 4 days did not adversely affect the potential for primary biological control.
Principles of Epizootiology and Microbial Control
2012, Insect Pathology, Second EditionA virulent parasite can provide protection against a lethal parasitoid
2011, Infection, Genetics and EvolutionCitation Excerpt :In natural populations, the parasites infecting a host can range from multiple strains of the same species (Bharaj et al., 2008; Lord et al., 1999) to different species with varying degrees of taxonomical distance (Cattadori et al., 2007; Craig et al., 2008; Petney and Andrews, 1998; Rutrecht and Brown, 2008). Previous work has demonstrated that the effect of co-occurring parasites on the host is not necessarily the additive effect of each single infection (Druilhe et al., 2005; Haine et al., 2005; Malakar et al., 1998; Pedersen and Fenton, 2006; Thomas et al., 2002). For example, infection with multiple parasite strains or species may benefit the host if the parasites use similar host resources, thus resulting in the competitive suppression of parasite growth (Berchieri and Barrow, 1990; Dobson and Barnes, 1995; Ishii et al., 2002; Read and Taylor, 2001).
Microsporidian infections in Lymantria dispar larvae: Interactions and effects of multiple species infections on pathogen horizontal transmission
2006, Journal of Invertebrate Pathology
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C. C. DoaneM. L. McManus
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To whom correspondence should be addressed at current address: Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853. Fax: (607) 255-1720. E-mail:[email protected].