Regular ArticlePersistence of Memory for Ignored Lists of Digits: Areas of Developmental Constancy and Change☆,☆☆
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Cited by (50)
Working memory development: A 50-year assessment of research and underlying theories
2022, CognitionCitation Excerpt :These theories relied on the existence of decay but typically assumed that the decay rate itself stayed constant throughout development. Cowan, Nugent, Elliott, and Saults (2000) examined working memory decay by presenting spoken digit lists to children in Grade 2 (7-9 years), Grade 5 (10-12 years), and college students, in a condition in which participants could not use attention during the presentation, only afterward during retrieval. Spoken lists of the participant’s span length were presented at irregular intervals while they engaged in a silent game in which pictures with rhyming names were to be selected.
Towards an integrative model of visual short-term memory maintenance: Evidence from the effects of attentional control, load, decay, and their interactions in childhood
2017, CognitionCitation Excerpt :Here, to our knowledge for the first time in the visual domain, we see evidence of both decay and active refreshment. This is because, in contrast to adult results, 7-year-olds’ performance on uncued trials declined over time, suggesting passive decay of memory traces as a function of time (consistent with Cowan et al., 2000; Towse & Hitch, 1995; Towse et al., 1998) even in the absence of interference from a concurrent task (Cowan et al., 2015; Ricker & Cowan, 2010). However, performance on cued trials suggests that active refreshment mechanisms influenced these representations equally well, boosting performance significantly, whether they were in the form of IM or VSTM representations, albeit to a smaller degree for 7-year-olds than for adults.
Growth of verbal short-term memory of nonwords varying in phonotactic probability: A longitudinal study with monolingual and bilingual children
2015, Journal of Memory and LanguageCitation Excerpt :First, it has been assumed that the rate of decay of memory traces decreases as children grow older (Cowan et al., 2000; Gomes et al., 1999). Although Baddeley and Hitch’s memory model assumes that the rate of decay is about two seconds in all individuals and does not change with age, behavioral and electrophysiological studies have shown a developmental change in the retention of verbal material in short-term memory (Cowan et al., 2000; Gomes et al., 1999). However, in these studies, children between six and ten years behaved similarly to each other (but differently from adults) in most respects, suggesting that developmental changes in decay rate are not a plausible explanation of verbal short-term memory growth, at least not in school-aged children.
Infant auditory short-term memory for non-linguistic sounds
2015, Journal of Experimental Child PsychologyThe development of working memory: The time-based resource sharing approach
2014, Psychologie Francaise
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This research was supported by NICHD Grant R01-HD21338. We thank Nate Fristoe for discussion and we thank Igor Ponomarev for programming.
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Address correspondence to Nelson Cowan, Department of Psychology, 210 McAlester Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211. E-mail: [email protected].