Regular ArticleA Novel Member of the Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) Superfamily from the Filarial NematodesBrugia malayiandB. pahangi
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The ‘nuclear option’ revisited: Confirmation of Ss-daf-12 function and therapeutic potential in Strongyloides stercoralis and other parasitic nematode infections
2022, Molecular and Biochemical ParasitologyCitation Excerpt :These genetic studies support that active TGFβ-like signaling is necessary for continuous reproductive development in C. elegans, and that downregulation of this signaling confers dauer arrest. Homologs of daf-7 are conserved in a number of parasitic nematodes, including Strongyloides ratti [44], S. stercoralis [20,45], Parastrongyloides trichosuri [44], Ancylostoma caninum [46,47], Haemonchus contortus, Nippostrongylus braziliensis, Heligmosomoides polygyrus, Telodorsagia circumcincta [48,49], Brugia malayi and B. pahangi [50–52]. Without exception, transcripts encoding daf-7 homologs in parasitic nematodes are found at highest levels in developmentally arrested L3i stages of soil transmitted nematodes or in similarly arrested microfilariae of the filarids.
Fasciola hepatica, TGF-β and host mimicry: the enemy within
2018, Current Opinion in MicrobiologyCitation Excerpt :Signalling components SMAD2 [36], SAMD4 [37], and TGFRII [38] are all embryonic lethal but SMAD3 KO giving rise to live pups [39]. Given the developmental importance of TGF-β it is not surprising to find it conserved in multiple parasites Brugia malayi, Brugia pahangi [40,41]. Indeed the B. malayi protein BM-TGH2 was the first of these proteins to be shown to bind the host receptor complex through the use of the MLEC luciferase assay.
TGF-β in tolerance, development and regulation of immunity
2016, Cellular ImmunologyCitation Excerpt :We postulated that helminths may express TGF-β homologues that could interfere with host immunity, and characterized several members of the gene superfamily listed in Table 1 along with those identified by other laboratories. In particular, we characterized two ligands in Brugia [80,81] and four in H. polygyrus [82]. One, Bm-TGH-2 from B. malayi, was found to activate the MFB-F11 reporter cell line [81], but in unpublished work we found the closest homologue from H. polygyrus did not do so.
Anti-inflammatory BmAFI of Brugia malayi modulates IgE, histamine and histamine receptor responses in Mastomys coucha
2013, Acta TropicaCitation Excerpt :Lymphatic filariasis affects over 120 million people in the tropics with over one billion people at risk of developing the disease (Taylor et al., 2010). The parasites Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi, evade the host immune responses and survive for many years in the lymphatics (Maizels et al., 1993) releasing immune modulating molecules like the cystatins (Murray et al., 2005), serpins (Zang et al., 1999) transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) (Gomez-Escobar et al., 1998) and excretory/secreted molecules (Moreno and Geary, 2008). These and other parasite molecules can stimulate IL-10 release which induces T-regulatory (Treg) cells (Satoguina et al., 2002) and alternatively activated macrophages (Loke et al., 2000) which in turn are able to suppress both Th1 and excessive Th2 responses (Gillan and Devaney, 2005) helping the larvae to survive and develop in to adult worms in the host.
Inhibition of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced intestinal inflammation via enhanced IL-10 and TGF-β production by galectin-9 homologues isolated from intestinal parasites
2010, Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology
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To whom correspondence should be addressed. Fax: +44-131-650 5450. E-mail:r.maizels;@ed.ac.uk.