Mini ReviewForms and Functions of Nematode Surfaces
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Cited by (93)
In vitro effects of Moringa oleifera seed lectins on Haemonchus contortus in larval and adult stages
2020, Experimental ParasitologyCitation Excerpt :In this study, several incubation solutions were tested (PBS, 0.9% NaCl solution, distilled water and LB medium), and only the LB medium allowed better viability of worms in the negative control, after 8 h of incubation (data not shown). Another important aspect is that the different motility indices (after different exposure times to the lectins), observed in the tests with the infective larvae, can be explained by possible mechanisms of tolerance against the lectins tested, since the larvae used in the tests were resistant to the main classes of anthelmintics (Rudin, 1990; Maizels et al., 1993; Kumarasingha et al., 2016). The hemagglutinating activity maintained at low pH of both lectins (WSMoL at pH 4.5 and cMoL is a highly stable protein, active at a pH range of 4.0–9.0) (Santos et al., 2005, 2009) is a desirable characteristic for in vivo tests, either to evaluate anthelmintic action on the nematodes present in the rumen (usually a neutral pH) or in the abomasum (acid pH).
Immunogenicity and protection induced by recombinant Toxocara canis proteins in a murine model of toxocariasis
2020, VaccineCitation Excerpt :In a previous murine model of T. canis, TES products induced 40.5% protection while soluble somatic antigens of L3 larvae induced 30% protection to infectious challenge [36]. The findings of our study, therefore, may support a strategy of identifying ‘hidden’ antigens as potential vaccine candidates [19,21,62]. Although TES-derived recombinant proteins were immunoreactive, they were less effective in reducing larval numbers following challenge, and may be more likely to induce host tolerance than protective responses [63,64].
Pesticidal prospectives of chitinolytic bacteria in agricultural pest management
2018, Soil Biology and BiochemistryCitation Excerpt :For instance, Westcott and Kluepfel (1993) reported P. aureofaciens chitinases were more potent in attacking egg shells rather than Criconemella xenoplax juvenile cuticles. This differential susceptibility can be explained by integration of chitin microfibrils with proteinaceous membrane in juvenile cuticles, for example the RKN (Cox et al., 1981; Maizels et al., 1993). Therefore, any integrated production of proteases, siderophores and other secondary metabolites (Wei et al., 2014) by chitinolytic bacteria always have its superiority in successful control of targeted nematode pest.
Steinernema glaseri surface enolase: Molecular cloning, biological characterization, and role in host immune suppression
2012, Molecular and Biochemical ParasitologyCitation Excerpt :Live axenic S. glaseri nematodes not only avoid host melanotic encapsulation but also protect freeze-killed nematodes from encapsulation by P. japonica larvae [7,16]. In all types of nematodes, including free-living and plant and animal parasitic forms, the cuticle is overlaid with an amorphous surface coat [17–20]. As an interface between the parasitic nematode and the host immune system, the surface coat of IJs is believed to play important roles in host-parasite interactions [20,21].
Genetic diversity and comparative analysis of gene expression between Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Az29 and Az36 isolates: Uncovering candidate genes involved in insect pathogenicity
2012, Experimental ParasitologyCitation Excerpt :Hsp10 from Strongyloides ratti was proved to have a strong immunogenic and regulatory role in the host–parasite interactions (Tazir et al., 2009). As the physical contact between nematode and the host is accomplished by the outer surface, which (i.e. cuticle and antigens) is crucial for communication and interaction with host cells during infection (Blaxter et al., 1992; Maizels et al., 1993; Brivio et al., 2000). Gene FG588739 encoding a surface-associated antigen was differentially expressed between Az29 and Az36 isolate implying that surface antigen undergone structural alteration in Az29 isolate, which probably added to its fits when residing in the host.
A pathogenic parasite interferes with phagocytosis of insect immunocompetent cells
2010, Developmental and Comparative Immunology