Regular Article
Grammatical Inference of Dashed Lines

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Abstract

Dashed lines are a common, and semantically important, element in line drawings. This paper deals with the inference of a dashed lines' grammar, given a stream of graphical symbols. A method is presented, based on syntactical pattern recognition, capable of inferring arbitrary grammars without a priori knowledge. A detailed complexity-analysis of the developed algorithms is presented, as well as experiments demonstrating the usefullness of our method.

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    In the field of photogrammetry and remote sensing, it can be used in systems that extract roads from aerial and satellite images with different modalities, e.g., optical, synthetic aperture radar (SAR), and light detection and ranging (LIDAR) images [1–4], to extract road markings [3], to verify roads that are stored in geographic information systems (GISs) [5], to register maps to images [6], and even to extract buildings from SAR images, where lines occur as double reflections at concave dihedral corners on buildings [7]. Furthermore, line extraction can be used in the field of document analysis, e.g., to interpret engineering drawings [8]. Applications in the field of computer vision include 3D reconstruction using structured light [9–11] and stereo reconstruction [12,13].

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