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A Late-Quaternary Pollen Record from Ka‘au Crater, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Sara Hotchkiss  and
James O. Juvik
Sara Hotchkiss
Affiliation:
Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1987 Upper Buford Circle, Saint Paul, Minnesota, 55108-6097
James O. Juvik
Affiliation:
Department of Geography, University of Hawai‘i—Hilo, 200 W. Kawili Street, Hilo, Hawai‘i, 96720-4091
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Abstract

A pollen record from Ka‘au Crater, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i contains evidence for changes in vegetation and climate since about 28,000 14C yr B.P. Zone 1 (ca. 28,100–ca. 22,800 14C yr B.P.) has pollen of dry to mesic forest species, including Pipturus-type, Dodonaea viscosa, Acacia koa, Chenopodium oahuense, Claoxylon sandwicense, Myrsine, and Metrosideros-type. In zone 2 (ca. 22,800–ca. 16,200 14C yr B.P.) Myrsine and Coprosma increase, with herbs, fern allies, and Grammitidaceae suggesting open canopies. Zone 3 (ca. 16,200–ca. 9700 14C yr B.P.) has pollen of wet forest species, including Freycinetia arborea, abundant Pritchardia, and Metrosideros-type. Zone 4 (ca. 9700–ca. 7000 14C yr B.P.) is similar, with less Pritchardia and more Metrosideros-type.

Climate reconstruction was based on modern climatic ranges of flowering plants and an index derived from abundance of pollen in surface samples. Both methods agree on a qualitative reconstruction, although the ages are poorly constrained: 28,000–25,000 14C yr B.P. cool and dry; 25,000–23,000 14C yr B.P. dry and warmer; 23,000–20,000 14C yr B.P. moderately dry with declining temperature; 20,000–16,000 14C yr B.P. moderately dry and cool; 16,000–9000 14C yr B.P. warm and wet; 9000–7000 14C yr B.P. warm and possibly drier. Lower precipitation at Ka‘au Crater during the late glacial period and last glacial maximum is consistent with the interpretation that the North Pacific subtropical anticyclone was south of its present position. The pollen-derived temperature index yields an estimate of 3°–5°C temperature depression during the last glacial maximum.

Keywords

Hawai‘ipollenclimatePacifictropics
Type
Research Article
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 52 , Issue 1 , July 1999 , pp. 115 - 128
Copyright
University of Washington

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