Abstract
One hundred eighty-one dogs and 26 short-hair cats from suburban areas around Tirana, Albania were examined for ectoparasite infestation. The dogs were examined on several occasions from 2005 through 2009 representing three seasons: winter (December–February), spring (March–May), and summer (June–August); the cats were examined in late autumn (November). In addition, deep ear swab specimens of 30 dogs were examined for ear mites. The arthropod ectoparasite fauna of the dogs included two tick species (Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Ixodes ricinus), three mite species (Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis, Otodectes cynotis, and Demodex canis), three flea species (Ctenocephalides canis, Ctenocephalides felis, and Pulex irritans), and one louse species (Trichodectes canis). In the dogs, rates of infestation were 23.8% for R. sanguineus, 0.6% for I. ricinus, 4.4% for S. scabiei var. canis, 6.7% for O. cynotis, 0.6% for D. canis, 75.7% for C. canis, 5.0% for C. felis, 8.3% for P. irritans, and 6.6% for T. canis. Mixed infestation with two or three species of ectoparasites was recorded on 38.1% of the dogs. Fleas infested 75.7% dogs (geometric mean, 3.96; range, 1–80) and were observed in winter, spring, and summer with increasing prevalences of 64.3%, 75.9%, and 100%. Ticks parasitized 24.3% of the dogs (geometric mean, 0.41; range, 1–331). R. sanguineus ticks were recorded on 34.2% and 50% of the dogs examined in spring and summer, respectively, but were absent on the dogs during winter except for a single I. ricinus specimen observed. Prevalence of infestation with R. sanguineus, S. scabiei var. canis, C. felis, P. irritans, and T. canis did not differ between dogs ≤6 months and dogs >6 months of age; however, prevalence of infestation with C. canis was significantly (p < 0.01) higher in dogs >6 months old. There was no difference between the sexes for the prevalences of infestation with those parasites. The examination of the cats revealed infestation with only one species of ectoparasite, C. felis (prevalence, 100%; geometric mean, 2.5; range, 1–9).
References
Adhami J, Murati N (1977) Leishmanioza e qenit dhe rezervuari i leishmaniozës viscerale në vendin tonë. Buletini i Shkencave Mjekësore 17(4):69–74
Alcaíno HA, Gorman TR, Alcaíno R (2002) Flea species from dogs in three cities of Chile. Vet Parasitol 105:261–265
Angelovskii T (1957) Prilog poznavaњu piroplazmoza u NR Makedoniji. Acta Vet (Beogr) 7:91–100
Asensi GD (2007) Parasitofauna del gato doméstico (Felis catus) en el municipio de Murcia. Repertorio de Tesis Doctorales 2007, Univ Murcia, p 129
Babos S (1964) Die Zeckenfauna Mitteleuropas. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest
Baker KP, Hatch C (1972) The species of fleas found on Dublin dogs. Vet Rec 91:151–152
Bárdoš V, Adamcová V, Dedei S, Gjini N, Rosický B, Šimková A (1959) Neutralizing antibodies against some neurotropic viruses determined in human sera in Albania. J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Imunol 3:277–282
Beck W, Boch K, Mackensen H, Wiegand B, Pfister K (2006) Qualitative and quantitative observations on the flea population dynamics of dogs and cats in several areas of Germany. Vet Parasitol 137:130–136
Beresford-Jones W-P (1974) The fleas Ctenocephalides felis felis (Bouché 1833), Ctenocephalides canis (Curtis, 1826), and the mite Cheyletiella (Canestrini, 1886) in the dog and cat: their transmissibility to humans. In: Soulsby EJL (ed) Parasitic Zoonoses. Clinical and experimental studies. Academic, London, pp 383–390
Beresford-Jones W-P (1981) Prevalence of fleas on dogs and cats in an area of central London. J Small Anim Pract 22:27–29
Berxholi K, Byku B, Kießig ST, Süss J (1995) Einige Daten zur Epidemiologie der Früsommer-Meningoenzephalitis sowie zum Nachweis des Hantaan- und des Krim-Kongo-Virus in Albanien. In: Süss J (ed) Durch Zecken übertragene Erkrankungen: FSME und Lyme-Borreliose. WissenschaftsVerl. A. Weller, Schriesheim, pp 33–36
Bond R, Riddle A, Mottram L, Beugnet F, Stevenson R (2007) Survey of flea infestation in dogs and cats in the United Kingdom during 2005. Vet Rec 160:503–506
Bourdeau P, Blumstein P (1995) Flea infestation and Ctenocephalides felis in the dog and the cat: parasitological, biological and immunological aspects in the west of France. Ann Congr Eur Soc Vet Dermatol, 01–03 Sept 1995, Barcelona, Spain, Proc, pp 1–6
Brouqui P, Parola P, Fournier PE, Raoult D (2007) Spotted fever rickettsioses in southern and eastern Europe. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 49:2–12
Bush AO, Lafferty KD, Lotz JM, Shostak AW (1997) Parasitology meets ecology on its own terms: Margolis et al., revisited. J Parasitol 83:45–52
Canestri Trotti G, Corradini L, Visconti S (1990) Indagine parassitologia in un rifugio per gatti a Ferrara. Parassitologia 32(Suppl. 1):42–43
Cani E, Myrseli T, Petrela R, Minarolli P, Pano K (2001) Leishmanioza visherali—zoonoze me rrezik potenzial në Shqipëri. Rev Vet (Tirana) 5:81–92
Cadiergues MC, Deloffre P, Franc M (2000) Répartition des espèces de puces rencontrées chez le chat en France. Rev Med Vet 151:447–450
Carpano M (1938) Spirochetosi dei volatili in Albania ciclo degli spirocheti negli invertebrati ematofagi trasmettitori. Riv Parassitol 2:165–182
Černý V, Rosický B (1960) Ixodes candavius, a new tick species from Albania. Ceskoslov Parasitol 7:17–19
Chaligiannis I, Sotiraki S, Xanthopoulou K, Papa A (2009) Ticks parasitizing humans in North-east Greece. 7th Ann Meet Eur Vet Parasitol Coll & 10th Bienn Symp Ectoparasites in Pets (ISEP), 03–05 June 2009, Toulouse, France, Proc, p 76
Chesney CJ (1995) Species of flea found on cats and dogs in south west England: further evidence of their polyxenous state and implications for flea control. Vet Rec 136:356–358
Christodoulopoulos G, Theodoropoulos G (2003) Infestation of dairy goats with the human flea, Pulex irritans, in central Greece. Vet Rec 152:371–372
Christodoulopoulos G, Theodoropoulos G, Kominakis A, Theis JH (2006) Biological, seasonal and environmental factors associated with Pulex irritans infestation of dairy goats in Greece. Vet Parasitol 137:137–143
Christova I, Jvd P, Velo E, Schouls L (2003) Identification of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Anaplasma und Ehrlichia species, and spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks from Southeastern Europe. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 22:535–542
Cicko Z, Zanaj S, Kusi I, Cani E (1999) Kërkime mbi leishmaniozën kanine në Shqipëri. Buletini i Shkencave Bujqësore 3:109–113
Clark F (1999) Prevalence of the cat flea Ctenocephalides felis and oocyte development during autumn and winter in Leicester City, UK. Med Vet Entomol 13:217–218
Cornely M, Schultz U (1992) Zur Zeckenfauna Ostdeutschlands. Angew Parasitol 33:173–183
Cvetanović V (1956) O vrstama, rasprostranjenosti i sezonskom javljanju krpelja u Dalmaciji sosvrtom na javljanje tick-paralize. Veterinaria (Sarajevo) 5:589–595
Danielova V (1960) Krovososuŝie dvukrylye (Fam. Tabanidae, Hippoboscidae, Hypodermatidae) iz sborov èkspedicii ČSAN v Albanii. Ceskoslov Parasitol 7:37–40 in Russian
Dantas-Torres F (2008) The brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae): from taxonomy to control. Vet Parasitol 152:173–185
Dărăbuş G (2003) Incidenţa dermatomicozelor şi a altor afecţiuni cutanate, la câine şi pisică, în vestul României. Rev Sci Parasitol 3:9–13
Dhamo G, Rapti D, Bizhga B, Llazari A (2006) Kërkime hematologjike paraprake mbi babezionën e qenve. Rev. Shqiptare e Shkencave Bujqësore 5(8):115–119
Durden LA, Judy TN, Martin JE, Spedding LS (2005) Fleas parasitizing domestic dogs in Georgia, USA: species composition and seasonal abundance. Vet Parasitol 130:157–162
Eltari E, Gina A, Bitri T, Sharofi F (1993) Some data on arboviruses, especially tick-borne encephalitis, in Albania. Giorn Malattie Infett Parassit 45:404–411
Enigk K (1947) Zur Kenntnis der Zeckenfauna von Süd- und Osteuropa. Monatsh Veterinarmed 2:75–81
Estrada-Peña A, Jongejan F (1999) Ticks feeding on humans: a review of records on human-biting Ixodoidea with special reference to pathogen transmission. Exp Appl Acaraol 23:675–715
Estrada-Peña A, Bouattour A, Camicas J-L, Walzer AR (2004) Ticks of domestic animals in the Mediterranean region. A guide to identification of species. University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza
Farkas R, Földvári G (2001) A kutyák és a macskák kullancsosságának hazai vizsgálata. Magyar Allat Lapja 123:534–539
Fournier P-E, Durand J-P, Rolain J-M, Camicas J-L, Tolou H, Raoult D (2003) Detection of Astrakhan fever rickettsia from ticks in Kosovo. Ann New York Acad Sci 990:158–161
Franc M, Choquart P, Cadiergues MC (1998) Répartition des espèces de puces rencontrées chez le chien en France. Rev Méd Vét 149:135–140
Gilles J, Just FT, Silaghi C, Pradel I, Lengauer H, Hellmann K, Pfister K (2008a) Rickettsia felis in fleas, France. Emerg Infect Dis 14:684–686
Gilles J, Just FT, Silaghi C, Pradel I, Passos LMF, Lengauer H, Hellmann K, Pfister K (2008b) Rickettsia felis in fleas, Germany. Emerg Infect Dis 14:1294–1296
Gina A (1973) Të dhëna faunistike mbi rriqnat e familjes Ixodidae në rrethin e Tiranës. Buletini i Shkencave te Natyrës 2(3/4):73–86
Gina A (1983) Rezultatet e kërkimeve parazitologjike, pjesë përbërëse në sqarimin e epidemiologjisë të sëmundjeve me vatra natyrore. Rev Mjek 2:5–13
Gina A, Kastrati B (1974) Ixodes ricinus (L.) vektor i mundshëm i encefalitit ixodik. Buletini i Shkencave te Natyrës 3(3):63–71
Gina A, Suta K, Kastrati B, Azemi D (1975) Shërndarja e riqnave (Familija Ixodidae) në vëndin tonë e parë në prizmin e rëndësisë epidemiologjike. Buletini i Shkencave Mjekësore 2:63–71
Gina A, Sharofi F, Bashari V, Kastrati B, Bebej S (1986) Encefaliti iksodik-sëmundje me vatër natyrore infeksioni në vendin tonë. Rev Mjek 5:22–29
Gracia MJ, Lucientes J, Castillo JA, Peribáñez MA, Latorre E, Zárate J, Arbea I (2000) Pulex irritans infestation in dogs. Vet Rec 147:748–749
Gracia MJ, Calvete C, Estrada R, Castillo JA, Peribáñez MA, Lucientes J (2008) Fleas parasitizing domestic dogs in Spain. Vet Parasitol 151:312–319
Haarløv N, Kristensen S (1977) Beiträge zur Dermatologie von Hund und Katze. 3. Flöhe von Hunden und Katzen in Dänemark. Tierarztl Prax 5:507–511
Hamel D, Silaghi C, Rapti D, Kusi I, Pfister K (2008) Beitrag zur Kenntnis Vektor-übertragener Erkrankungen bei Hunden aus Albanien. 42. Jahrestag Österr Ges Tropenmed Parasitol, Innsbruck, 20.-22. 11. 2008, Kurzfass Vorträge:17
Haralampides ST (1978) Contribution to the study of cat’s parasites and their public health importance. Hell Vet Med 21:117–119
Heneberg N, Heneberg D, Milošević J, Dimitrijević V (1968) Rasprostranjenost krpelja u Autonomnoj pokrajini Kosovu i Metohiji. Poseban osvrt na Hyalomma plumbeum plumbeum Panzer—rezervoara i vektora krimske hemoragične groznice čoveka. Zb Vojnomed Akad 1967:30–36
Hiepe T, Ribbeck R (1982) Veterinärmedizinische Arachno-Entomologie. Lehrbuch der Parasitologie, Bd 4. Verl G Fischer, Jena
Hinaidy HK (1991) Beitrag zur Biologie des Dipylidium caninum. 2. Mitteilung. J Vet Med Ser B 38:329–336
Jancke O (1938) Flöhe oder Aphaniptera (Suctoria). In: Dahl F (ed) Die Tierwelt Deutschlands und der angrenzenden Meeresteile nach ihren Merkmalen und nach ihrer Lebensweise, 35 Teil. Verl G Fischer, Jena, pp 1–42
Jensen JJF (2003) Untersuchungen zur Epizootiologie von im Blut nachweisbaren arthropogenen Infektionen beim Hund in Griechenland. Veterinary Dissertation. University of Leipzig, Germany
Kalvelage H, Münster M (1991) Die Ctenocephalides-canis- und Ctenocephalides-felis-Infestation von Hund und Katze. Tierarztl Prax 19:200–206
Kero A, Xinxho A (1998) Epidemiological characteristics of leishmaniasis in Albania in the period 1984–1996. Giorn Ital Med Trop 3:55–57
Knoppe T, Beck W, Gall Y, Pfister K, Pothier F, Stanneck D, Hellmann K (2003) Prävalenzen von Floharten bei Hunden. DVG-Tag “Epidemiologie und Bekämpfung von Parasitosen”, 20–21 Mar 2003, Leipzig, Germany, Abstr, p 37
Koutinas AF, Papazahariadou MG, Rallis TS, Tzivara NH, Himonas CA (1995) Flea species from dogs and cats in northern Greece: environmental and clinical implications. Vet Parasitol 58:109–115
Kral B (1986) Parasitenbefall der Katzen in einem Tierheim. Veterinary Dissertation. Veterinary University, Vienna
Kristensen S, Haarløv N, Mourier H (1978) A study of skin diseases in dogs and cats. 4. Pattern of flea infestation of dogs and cats in Denmark. Nord Vet-Med 30:401–413
Kulisic Z, Janjic D, Misic Z, Simic S (2000) Role of ticks in the prevalence of babesiosis at dogs in Krusevac area. Acta Parasitol 45:220–221
Larsen KS, Shaw SE, Kenny MJ, Day MJ, Lerga AI, Birtles RJ, Schiønning S (2001) A survey of tick species found on pet dogs and cats in Denmark (2000). 6th Int Symp Ectoparasites Pets, 12–15 May 2001, Westport, Co Mayo, Ireland, Proc, p 165
Lazri T, Duscher G, Edelhofer R, Bytyci B, Gjino P, Joachim A (2008) Infektionen mit arthropodenübertragenen Parasiten bei Hunden im Kosovo und in Albanien unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Leishmanieninfektionen. Wien Klin Wochenschr 120(Suppl. 4):54–58
Liebisch A, Brandes A, Hoppenstedt K (1985) Zum Befall von Hunden und Katzen mit Zecken und Flöhen in Deutschland. Prakt Tierarzt 66:817–824
Lika M, Bërxholi K (2004) Ixodes ricinus dhe ethja Q në kafshë dhe quemësht. Buletini Matematika dhe Shkencat e Natyrës 1:58–66
Losson B, Baar D, Maréchal F, Barbé M, Mignon B (2003) Hard ticks (Acarina, Ixodidae) found on domestic carnivores in Belgium: a survey conducted during three consecutive years. 19th Int Conf World Assoc Adv Vet Parasitol, 10–14 Aug 2003, New Orleans, USA, Abstr, p 239
Luli M (1963) Rriqnat e familjes Ixodidae që parazitonjë në kafshët shtëpijake në Shqipëri. Buletini i Shkencave Bujqësore 2(1):108–137
Manfredi MT, Dini V, Piacenza S, Genchi C (1999) Tick species parasitizing people in an area endemic for tick-borne diseases in north-western Italy. Parassitologia 41:555–560
Marchiondo AA, Holdsworth PA, Green P, Blagburn BL, Jacobs DE (2007) World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (W.A.A.V.P.) guidelines for evaluating the effectsof parasiticides for the treatment, prevention and control of flea and tick infestation on dogs and cats. Vet Parasitol 145:332–344
Mekuli E (1959) Prilog poznavaњu piroplazmoza domaħih životiњa na Kosovu i Metohiji. Acta Vet (Beogr) 9:103–112
Mikačić D (1965) Krpelji primorskog pojasa Jugoslavije. 3. Rasprostranjenost i dinamika pojedinih vrsta u toku godine. Vet Arh 35:155–170
Milutinović M, Pavlović I, Kulisić Z (1997) Fauna of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of south-east Kosovo. Acta Vet (Beogr) 47:167–170
Milutinović M, Radulović Z (2002) Ecological notes on ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in Serbia (central regions). Acta Vet (Beogr) 52:49–58
Morariu S, Dărăbus G, Oprescu I, Mederle N, Moraru EG, Morariu F (2006) Etiologia infestaţiei cu purici la câini şi pisici din trei judeţe ale României. Rev Sci Parasitol 6:67–73
Moskvin SN (1958) Gel’mintofauna domačnyh životnyh Narodnoj Respublikii Albanii. Trudy Moskovsk Vet Akad 27:172–189 (in Russian)
Müller J (1986) Das aktuelle Flohspektrum (Siphonaptera) auf Stadthunden. Wiss Zschr Univ Leipzig, Math-Natwiss Reihe 35:653–659
Müller J, Kutschmann K (1985) Flohnachweise (Siphonaptera) auf Hunden im Einzugsbereich der Magdeburger Poliklinik für kleine Haus- und Zootiere. Angew Parasitol 26:197–203
Niak A (1972) The prevalence of Toxocara cati and other parasites in Liverpool cats. Vet Rec 91:534–536
Nijhof AM, Bodaan C, Postigo M, Nieuwenhujs H, Opsteegh M, Franssen L, Jebbink F, Jongejan F (2007) Ticks and associated pathogens collected from domestic animals in the Netherlands. Vector-borne Zoonotic Dis 7:585–596
Omeragić J (2008) Istraživanje krpelja familije Ixodidae na području Bosne i Hercegovine. Dissertation, Fak. Vet., University of Sarajevo, Bosnia i Herzegovina
Omeragić J, Jažič A, Zuko A (2003) Paraziti pasa i mačaka na području Bosne i Hercegovine ustanovljeni do 2002. godine. Veterinaria (Sarajevo) 52:157–164
Oswald B (1938) O vrstama, pojavi i rasprostranjenosti krpelja u Jugoslaviji, s osobitim obzirom na Južnu Srbiju. Jugoslov Vet Glasnik 18:54–61
Papadopoulos B, Morel PC, Aeschlimann A (1996) Ticks of domestic animals in the Macedonia of Greece. Vet Parasitol 63:25–40
Papazahariadou MG, Saridomichelakis MN, Koutinas AF, Papadopoulos EG, Leontides L (2003) Tick infestation of dogs in Thessaloniki, northern Greece. Med Vet Entomol 17:110–113
Parola P (2004) Tick-borne rickettsial diseases: emerging risks in Europe. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 27:297–304
Parola P, Dovoust B, Raoult D (2005) Tick- and flea-borne rickettsial emerging zoonoses. Vet Res 36:469–492
Pavlidou V, Gerou S, Kahrimanidou M, Para A (2008) Ticks infesting domestic animals in northern Greece. Exp Appl Acarol 45:195–198
Pavlović I, Milutinović M, Petrović D, Terzin D, Terzin V (2002) Epizootiological research of canine babesiosis in the Belgrade district. J Protozool Res 12:10–15
Petrovec M, Sixl W, Marth E, Bushati N, Wüst G (2003) Domestic animals as indicators of Anaplasma species species infections in northern Albania. Ann New York Acad Sci 990:112–115
Petroviћ Z, Borђoški A (1955) Prilog poznavaњu faune krpelљa NR Crne Gore. Acta Vet (Beogr) 5:35–41
Peus F (1938) Die Flöhe. Verl P Schöps, Leipzig
Piotrowski F (1979) Ectoparasites of dogs and cats, their importance and distribution in Europe. Wiad Parazytol 25:387–397
Piotrowski F, Połomska J (1975) Pasożyty zewnętrzne psa domowego (Canis familiaris L.) z terenu Gdańska. Wiad Parazytol 21:441–451
Principato M, Di Guiseppe S, Camerlengo L, Liottier B (1989) Étude préliminare sur la distribution saisonniere de certains Ixodidae (Acarina, Ixodoidea) d’intérêt sanitarie dans la province de Perouse (Italie centrale). Bull Soc Franc Parasitol 7:269–276
Prokopič Â (1960) Rezultaty gel’mintologičeskih issledovanij sobak i košek v Albanii. Ceskoslov Parasitol 7:139–149 (in Russian)
Raschka C, Ribbeck R, Haupt W (1994) Untersuchungen zum Ektoparasitenbefall bei streunenden Katzen. Monatsh Veterinarmed 49:257–261
Rataj AA, Posedi J, Bidovec A (2004) Ectoparasites: Otodectes cynotis, Felicola subrostratus and Notoedres cati in the ear of cats. Slov Vet Res 41:89–92
Rinaldi L, Spera G, Musella V, Carbone S, Veneziano V, Iori A, Cringoli G (2007) A survey of fleas on dogs in southern Italy. Vet Parasitol 148:375–378
Rosický B (1958) Parasitologická expedice ČSAV v Albánské Lidové Republice. Vestnik Ceskoslov Akad Ved 67:638–643
Rosický B (1960) Résultats des recherches faites par l’expedition parasitologique de l’Academie des sciences tchécoslovaque en Albanie. Ceskoslov Parasitol 7:5–16
Rosický B, Gjini N (1960) Blohi (Aphaniptera) i ih hozâeva, najdennye parazitologičeskoj èkspediciej Čehoslovackoj Akademii Nauk v Albanii. Ceskoslov Parasitol 7:5–16 (in Russian)
Rosický B, Černý V, Luli M (1960) Contribution à l’étude sur la présence, la distribution et la bionomie des tiques (Ixodoidea) en Albanie. Ceskoslov Parasitol 7:159–188
Rovery C, Brouqui P, Raoult D (2008) Questions on mediterranean spotted fever a century after its discovery. Emerg Infect Dis 14:1360–1367
Rudzińska M, Sulgostowska T (1996) Pchły pasożytujące u psów z dwóch warszawskich schronsik, miejskiego i podmiejskiego. Wiad Parazytol 42:229–234
Sabolić M (1997) Najčešće bolesti kože u pasa i mačaka s posebnim osvrtom na raširenost, dijagnostiku i liječenje—veterinarska stanica Varaždin (u razdoblju od 1994. do 1996.). Vet Stn 28:329–335
Schulze P (1918) Ein Beitrag zur Zeckenfauna Mazedoniens. Sitzungsber Ges Naturforsch Freunde Berlin: 61–66
Shaw SE, Day MJ, Birtles RJ, Breitschwerdt EB (2001) Tick-borne infectious diseases of dogs. Trends Parasitol 17:74–80
Sobrero L, Manilla G (1988) Aggiornamenti sulle zecche d’Italia. Bonifica 4, Suppl. 2
Sotira B (2000) Zoonotic diseases of major concern in Albania. WHO mediterranean zoonoses control centre. Inf Circular 49:6–8
Sotiraki ST, Koutinas AF, Leontides LS, Adamama-Moraitou KK, Himonas CA (2001) Factors affecting the frequency of ear canal and face infestation by Otodectes cynotis in the cat. Vet Parasitol 96:309–315
Stella E, Khoury C, D’Amato FR, Rivosecchi L (1988) Nuovi dati sulla biologia di Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Ixodidae) nella periferia di Roma. Riv Parassitol 49:3–12
Supperer R, Hinaidy HK (1986) Ein Beitrag zum Parasitenbefall der Hunde und Katzen in Österreich. Dtsch Tierarztl Wschenschr 93:383–386
Tomaševiħ T (1962) Prilog poznavaњu piroplazmoza domaħih životiњa i faune krpelљa Crne Gore. Acta Vet (Beogr) 12:64–72
Tovornik D, Vesenjak-Hirjan J (1988) A revision of ticks belonging to the Rhipicephalus sanguineus complex (Latreille), collected in the Yugoslav coastal region. Biol Vestn 36:77–84
Tovornik D, Vesenjak-Hirjan J (1989) Invazija iksodidnih krpelja iz kompleksa Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille) na domaće životinje na otoku Mljetu. In: Kesić B, Vesenjak-Hirjan J (eds) Otok Mljet. Ekološke i zdravstven prilike. Jugoslavenska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti. Razred zu medicinske znanosti, Zagreb, pp 71–82
Visser M, Rehbein S, Wiedemann C (2001) Species of flea (Siphonaptera) infesting pets and hedgehogs in Germany. J Vet Med Ser B 48:197–202
Wagner J (1939) Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Aphinapterenfauna Jugoslaviens. Glasnik Skopskog Naučn Društva 20:155–163
Wall R, Shaw SE, Penaliggon J (1997) The prevalence of flea species on cats and dogs in Ireland. Med Vet Entomol 11:404–406
Zakson M, Gregory LM, Endris RG, Shoop WL (1995) Effect of combing time on cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis) recovery from dogs. Vet Parasitol 60:149–153
Zanaj S, Malaj Z, Koidheli A (2002) Rivlerësim i ixodidofaunës së dhenëve. Rev Vet (Tirana) 2:74–85
Zarzèrè K (1988) Dannye o ètiologii parazitarnoj invazii mel’kih životnyh. Arch Vet 18:47–85 (in Russian)
Zenner L, Drevon E (2003) Etude épidémiologique des populations de tiques rencontrées dans 12 clientèles de l’Ain et de la Haute-Savoie. Rev Med Vet 154:225–230
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Xhaxhiu, D., Kusi, I., Rapti, D. et al. Ectoparasites of dogs and cats in Albania. Parasitol Res 105, 1577–1587 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-009-1591-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-009-1591-x