Abstract
We propose a formulation of stochastic thermodynamics for systems subjected to nonequilibrium constraints (i.e. broken detailed balance at steady state) and furthermore driven by external time-dependent forces. A splitting of the second law occurs in this description leading to three second-law-like relations. The general results are illustrated on specific solvable models. The present paper uses a master equation based approach.
- Received 10 May 2010
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.82.011143
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